"Gamma rays" is the name that we call the shortest of all electromagnetic waves. They're shorter than radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, heat waves, visible light waves, ultraviolet waves, and X-rays. They extend all the way down to waves that are as short as the distance across an atom.
Being so short, they carry lots of energy. They can penetrate many materials, and they can damage living cells and DNA. They're dangerous.
The sun puts out a lot of gamma radiation. The atmosphere (air) filters out a lot of it, otherwise there couldn't even be any life on Earth.
As soon as astronauts fly out of the atmosphere, they need a lot of shielding from gamma rays.
You know the precautions we take when we're around X-rays. The same precautions apply around gamma rays, only a lot more so.
It's only in the past several years that we've learned how to MAKE gamma rays without blowing things up. Also, how to control them, and how to use them for medical and industrial applications.
Answer:
8.8 × 10⁻³ g/L
Explanation:
NaF is a strong electrolyte that ionizes according to the following reaction.
NaF(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + F⁻(aq)
Then, the concentration of F⁻ will also be 0.10 M.
In order to find the solubility of PbF₂ (S), we will use an ICE Chart.
PbF₂(s) ⇄ Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 F⁻(aq)
I 0 0.10
C +S +2S
E S 0.10 + 2S
The solubility product (Kps) is:
Kps = 3.6 × 10⁻⁸ = [Pb²⁺].[F⁻]² = S . (0.10 + 2S)²
In the term 0.10 + 2S, 2S is negligible in comparison with 0.10 and we can omit it to simplify calculations.
Kps = 3.6 × 10⁻⁸ = S . (0.10)²
S = 3.6 × 10⁻⁵ M
The molar mass of PbF₂ is 245.20 g/mol. The solubility of PbF₂ in g/L is:
3.6 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L × 245.20 g/mol = 8.8 × 10⁻³ g/L
Answer:
electromagnetic waves only
Explanation:
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Answer:
The cardiovascular system
Explanation:
