An 8 Ω resistor is connected to a battery. The current that flows in the circuit is 2 A. Calculate the voltage of the battery.
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The maximum theoretical efficiency of the system is the one corresponding to the efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperatures of the system:
where
and 
are the cold and hot temperatures, respectively.
In our problem,
and 
, therefore the maximum theoretical efficiency is
So, 33%.
where
In our problem,
So, 33%.