
As depth increases, the density of the layers decreases.
Answer:
p-fluoronitrobenzene and sodium phenoxide is more appropriate
Explanation:
An ipso substitution is required to form p-nitrophenyl phenyl ether.
For this ipso substitution, an alkoxide anion needs to attack as a nucleophile at the carbon atom attached to fluorine atom and thereby substitute that F atom.
p-nitrophenoxide is an weak nucleophile as compared to phenoxide due to presence of electron withdrawing resonating effect of nitro group at para position.
p-fluoronitrobenzene is a good choice for nucleophilic attack by alkoxide anion as compared to fluorobenzene due to higher positive charge density at carbon atom directly attached to F atom. Higher positive charge density arises due to presence of electron withdrawing resonating effect og nitro group at para position.
So, p-fluoronitrobenzene and sodium phenoxide is more appropriate
From increasing atomic mass. He also made groups and periods.
Calcium Floride (Caf2)
Hope this helped =D
Yes, you should memorize them. While it is easy to predict them by looking at a periodic table, you should still have a strong grasp of simpler chemistry such as this before more challenging topics are taught.