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Lyrx [107]
3 years ago
15

A compound is made up of 28 g N, 24 g C, 48 g O, and 8 g H .What is the empirical formula?

Chemistry
1 answer:
vovikov84 [41]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

\rm C_2H_8N_2O_3.

Explanation:

<h3>Step One: calculate the coefficients. </h3>

Look up the relative atomic mass of these four elements on a modern periodic table:

  • \rm C: approximately 12.
  • \rm H: approximately 1.
  • \rm N: approximately 14.
  • \rm O: approximately 16.

The relative atomic mass of an element is numerically equal to the mass (in grams, \rm g,) of one mole of atoms of this element.

For example, the relative atomic mass of \rm C is approximately 12. Therefore, each mole of \rm C\! atoms would have a mass of 12\; \rm g.

This sample contains 24\; \rm g of carbon. That would correspond to approximately \displaystyle \left(\frac{24}{12}\right)\; \rm mol = 2\; \rm mol of \rm C atoms.

Similarly, for the other three elements:

\displaystyle n(\mathrm{H}) \approx \frac{8\; \rm g}{1\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} = 8\; \rm mol.

\displaystyle n(\mathrm{N}) \approx \frac{28\; \rm g}{14\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} = 2\; \rm mol.

\displaystyle n(\mathrm{O}) \approx \frac{48\; \rm g}{16\; \rm g \cdot mol^{-1}} = 3\; \rm mol.

Hence, the ratio between these elements in this compound would be:

n(\mathrm{C}): n(\mathrm{H}): n(\mathrm{N}):n(\mathrm{O}) = 2: 8 : 2 : 3.

In the empirical formula of a compound, the coefficients should represent the smallest possible integer ratio between the number of atoms of these elements.

n(\mathrm{C}): n(\mathrm{H}): n(\mathrm{N}):n(\mathrm{O}) = 2: 8 : 2 : 3 is indeed the smallest possible integer ratio between the number of atoms of these elements.

<h3>Step Two: arrange the elements in an appropriate order</h3>

Apply the Hill System to arrange these four elements in the empirical formula. In the Hill System:

If carbon, \rm C, is present in this compound, then:

  • \rm C (carbon) and then \rm H (hydrogen) will be the first two elements listed in the formula (ignore the hydrogen if it is not in the compound.)
  • The other elements in this compound will be listed in alphabetical order.

If there is no carbon \rm C in this compound, then list all the elements in this compound in alphabetical order.

Both \rm C (carbon) and \rm H (hydrogen) are found in this compound. Therefore, the first element in the list would be \rm C\!. The second would be \rm H\!, followed by \rm N\! and then \rm O\!.

Hence, the empirical formula of this compound would be \rm C_2H_8N_2O_3.

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