Answer:
r=0.31
Ф=18.03°
Explanation:
Given that
Diameter of bar before cutting = 75 mm
Diameter of bar after cutting = 73 mm
Mean diameter of bar d= (75+73)/2=74 mm
Mean length of uncut chip = πd
Mean length of uncut chip = π x 74 =232.45 mm
So cutting ratio r


r=0.31
So the cutting ratio is 0.31.
As we know that shear angle given as

Now by putting the values

\
Ф=18.03°
So the shear angle is 18.03°.
Answer:
What is percentage modulation in AM?
The percent modulation is defined as the ratio of the actual frequency deviation produced by the modulating signal to the maximum allowable frequency deviation.
Explanation:
thermal expansion ∝L = (δL/δT)÷L ----(1)
δL = L∝L + δT ----(2)
we have δL = 12.5x10⁻⁶
length l = 200mm
δT = 115°c - 15°c = 100°c
putting these values into equation 1, we have
δL = 200*12.5X10⁻⁶x100
= 0.25 MM
L₂ = L + δ L
= 200 + 0.25
L₂ = 200.25mm
12.5X10⁻⁶ *115-15 * 20
= 0.025
20 +0.025
D₂ = 20.025
as this rod undergoes free expansion at 115°c, the stress on this rod would be = 0