The half-life gets longer as the initial concentration increases in zero-order reaction.
The amount of time it takes for the concentration of a given reactant to reach 50% of its initial concentration is known as the half-life of a chemical reaction (i.e. the time taken for the reactant concentration to reach half of its initial value).
For zero order reaction:
The half-life is given as:
where k is the rate constant of the reaction and is the initial concentration.
As we can see that the half-life is directly proportional to the initial concentration. Therefore, when the initial concentration increases the half-life gets longer.
For the first-order reaction,
The half-life is given as:
A first-order reaction's half-life is independent of the initial concentration.
For a second-order reaction,
The half-life is:
The initial concentration is inversely proportional to the half-life, so when the initial concentration increases the half-life will get shorter.
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Answer:
The change in internal energy is - 1.19 kJ
Explanation:
<u>Step 1:</u> Data given
Heat released = 3.5 kJ
Volume calorimeter = 0.200 L
Heat release results in a 7.32 °C
Temperature rise for the next experiment = 2.49 °C
<u>Step 2:</u> Calculate Ccalorimeter
Qcal = ccal * ΔT ⇒ 3.50 kJ = Ccal *7.32 °C
Ccal = 3.50 kJ /7.32 °C = 0.478 kJ/°C
<u>Step 3:</u> Calculate energy released
Qcal = 0.478 kJ/°C *2.49 °C = 1.19 kJ
<u>Step 4:</u> Calculate change in internal energy
ΔU = Q + W W = 0 (no expansion)
Qreac = -Qcal = - 1.19 kJ
ΔU = - 1.19 kJ
The change in internal energy is - 1.19 kJ
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