The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are:
1) Habitat isolation
2) Behavioral isolation
3) Mechanical isolation
4) Gametic isolation
The isolation happening here is behavioral isolation, because their different behavior patterns prevent the frogs from breeding.
Complete question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
The velocity is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
a = nb
The length of the minor axis of the symbol of the Federation, a circle, seen by the observer at velocity v must be equal to the minor axis(b) of the Empire's symbol, (an ellipse)
Now this length seen by the observer can be mathematically represented as

Here t is the actual length of the major axis of of the Empire's symbol, (an ellipse)
So t = a = nb
and b is the length of the minor axis of the symbol of the Federation, (a circle) when seen by an observer at velocity v which from the question must be the length of the minor axis of the of the Empire's symbol, (an ellipse)
i.e h = b
So
![[\frac{1}{n} ]^2 = 1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bn%7D%20%5D%5E2%20%3D%20%201%20-%20%20%5Cfrac%7Bv%5E2%7D%7Bc%5E2%7D)
![v^2 =c^2 [1- \frac{1}{n^2} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v%5E2%20%3Dc%5E2%20%5B1-%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bn%5E2%7D%20%5D)
![v^2 =c^2 [\frac{n^2 -1}{n^2} ]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v%5E2%20%3Dc%5E2%20%5B%5Cfrac%7Bn%5E2%20-1%7D%7Bn%5E2%7D%20%5D)

Answer:
The required angular speed the neutron star is 10992.32 rad/s
Explanation:
Given the data in the question;
mass of the sun M
= 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg
Mass of the neutron star
M
= 2( M
)
M
= 2( 1.99 × 10³⁰ kg )
M
= ( 3.98 × 10³⁰ kg )
Radius of neutron star R
= 13.0 km = 13 × 10³ m
Now, let mass of a small object on the neutron star be m
angular speed be ω
.
During rotational motion, the gravitational force on the object supplies the necessary centripetal force.
GmM
= / R
² = mR
ω
²
ω
² = GM
= / R
³
ω
= √(GM
= / R
³)
we know that gravitational G = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ Nm²/kg²
we substitute
ω
= √( ( 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ )( 3.98 × 10³⁰ ) ) / (13 × 10³ )³)
ω
= √( 2.65466 × 10²⁰ / 2.197 × 10¹²
ω
= √ 120831133.3636777
ω
= 10992.32 rad/s
Therefore, The required angular speed the neutron star is 10992.32 rad/s
Answer:
Facilitated diffusion and active transport both utilize proteins to transport substances across membranes. Differences between active transport and facilitated diffusion 1. Active transport requires an input of energy, usually ATP, while facilitated transport does not.
Thermal Expansion. best describes the increase in a materials volume