Answer:
the greenhouse effect occurs in the earths atmosphere
Mass of Oxygen: 0.0159 grams
Moles of Oxygen: 9.94x10^-4
To find the mass of oxygen, subtract the mass of copper from the total mass.

There are 0.0159 grams of Oxygen.
To find how many moles there are, divide the given amount of oxygen by the molar mass (atomic mass) of oxygen because that mass is the same as one mole of oxygen.
Molar mass of Oxygen: 16.00

There are 9.94*10^-4 moles of Oxygen.
Answer:
4) transferred from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another atom
Explanation:
Electrons are located outside of the nucleus which contains the protons and the neutrons.
For bonds to form, valence electrons located in the outermost shell electrons are involved. These are the valence electrons. These outer shell electrons can be shared or transferred between two combining atoms to form stable atoms.
In ionic bonds, the electrons are transferred from one specie to another. The atom that loses the electrons becomes positively charged and the receiving atom becomes negatively charged. This is the crux of ionic bonds.