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There are two external force acts on the chair.
1. The force due to earth gravity, acts in the downward direction.
2. Reaction force of the gravity, which acts in the Upward direction (Normal Force).
On every object, there is a force acts due to gravity of earth, which pulls the object towards the centre of earth, known as gravity force, always acts in the downward direction. Mathematically it's given as
F=mg
here, m is the mass of the object, and g is the acceleration of gravity.
To balance this gravity force, a counter force acts in the opposite direction, whose magnitude is equal to the force of gravity
Answer:
The angle of incidence when the reflected ray is perpendicular to the incident ray = 45°
Explanation:
According to Snell's Law,
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂
When the angle between the incident ray and reflected ray is 90°, the angle of incidence is θ₁ and the angle of reflection, θ₂ = 90° - θ₁ and the index of refraction in the Snell's Law for both media would be the same, n₁ = n₂ = n
n sin θ₁ = n sin (90° - θ₁)
Note that from trigonometric relations,
Sin (90° - θ₁) = cos θ₁
n sin θ₁ = n cos θ₁
(sin θ₁)/(cos θ₁) = 1
tan θ₁ = 1
θ₁ = arctan 1 = 45°
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