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FinnZ [79.3K]
3 years ago
14

Combustion analysis of a 13.42-g sample of the unknown organic compound (which contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) produ

ced 39.61 g CO2 and 9.01 g H2O. The molar mass of equilin is 268.34 g/mol. Find its molecular formula.
Chemistry
1 answer:
kirza4 [7]3 years ago
3 0

<u>Answer:</u> The molecular formula for the given organic compound is C_{18}H_{20}O_2

<u>Explanation:</u>

The chemical equation for the combustion of hydrocarbon having carbon, hydrogen and oxygen follows:

C_xH_yO_z+O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O

where, 'x', 'y' and 'z' are the subscripts of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen respectively.

We are given:

Mass of CO_2=39.61g

Mass of H_2O=9.01g

We know that:

Molar mass of carbon dioxide = 44 g/mol

Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol

<u>For calculating the mass of carbon:</u>

In 44 g of carbon dioxide, 12 g of carbon is contained.

So, in 39.61 g of carbon dioxide, \frac{12}{44}\times 39.61=10.80g of carbon will be contained.

<u>For calculating the mass of hydrogen:</u>

In 18 g of water, 2 g of hydrogen is contained.

So, in 9.01 g of water, \frac{2}{18}\times 9.01=1.00g of hydrogen will be contained.

Mass of oxygen in the compound = (13.42) - (10.80 + 1.00) = 1.62 g

To formulate the empirical formula, we need to follow some steps:

  • <u>Step 1:</u> Converting the given masses into moles.

Moles of Carbon = \frac{\text{Given mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar mass of Carbon}}=\frac{10.80g}{12g/mole}=0.9moles

Moles of Hydrogen = \frac{\text{Given mass of Hydrogen}}{\text{Molar mass of Hydrogen}}=\frac{1g}{1g/mole}=1moles

Moles of Oxygen = \frac{\text{Given mass of oxygen}}{\text{Molar mass of oxygen}}=\frac{1.62g}{16g/mole}=0.10moles

  • <u>Step 2:</u> Calculating the mole ratio of the given elements.

For the mole ratio, we divide each value of the moles by the smallest number of moles calculated which is 0.10 moles.

For Carbon = \frac{0.9}{0.10}=9

For Hydrogen = \frac{1}{0.10}=10

For Oxygen = \frac{0.10}{0.10}=1

  • <u>Step 3:</u> Taking the mole ratio as their subscripts.

The ratio of C : H : O = 9 : 10 : 1

Hence, the empirical formula for the given compound is C_9H_{10}O

For determining the molecular formula, we need to determine the valency which is multiplied by each element to get the molecular formula.

The equation used to calculate the valency is :

n=\frac{\text{Molecular mass}}{\text{Empirical mass}}

We are given:

Mass of molecular formula = 268.34 g/mol

Mass of empirical formula = 134 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

n=\frac{268.34g/mol}{134g/mol}=2

Multiplying this valency by the subscript of every element of empirical formula, we get:

C_{(9\times 2)}H_{(10\times 2)}O_{(1\times 2)}=C_{18}H_{20}O_2

Thus, the molecular formula for the given organic compound is C_{18}H_{20}O_2.

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(a) Write the balanced neutralization reaction that occurs between H2SO4 and KOH in aqueous solution. Phases are optional. (b) S
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These are two questions and two answers

Answer:

    Question 1:

  • <u>H₂SO₄ (aq) + 2KOH (aq) → K₂SO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)</u>

    Question 2:

  • <u>0.201 M</u>

Explanation:

<u>Question 1:</u>

The<em> neutralization</em> reaction that occurs between H₂SO₄ and KOH is an acid-base reaction.

The products of an acid-base reaction are salt and water.

This is the sketch of such neutralization reaction:

1) <u>Word equation:</u>

  • sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide → potassium sulfate + water

                 ↑                               ↑                              ↑                       ↑

               acid                          base                        salt                   water

<u>2) Skeleton equation (unbalanced)</u>

  • H₂SO₄ + KOH → K₂SO₄ + H₂O

<u>#) Balanced chemical equation (including phases)</u>

  • H₂SO₄ (aq) + 2KOH (aq) → K₂SO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O (l) ← answer

<u>Question 2:</u>

<u>1) Mol ratio:</u>

Using the stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced chemical equation you get the mol ratio:

  • 1 mol H₂SO₄ (aq) : 2 mol KOH (aq) : 1 mol K₂SO₄ (aq) : mol 2H₂O (l)

<u>2) Moles of H₂SO₄:</u>

  • V = 0.750 liter
  • M = 0.480 mol/liter
  • M = n/V ⇒ n = M×V = 0.480 mol/liter × 0.750 liter = 0.360 mol

<u>3) Moles of KOH:</u>

  • V = 0.700 liter
  • M = 0.290 mol/liter
  • M = n/V ⇒ n = M × V = 0.290 mol/liter × 0.700 liter = 0.203 mol

<u>4) Determine the limiting reagent:</u>

a) Stoichiometric ratio:

   1 mol H₂SO₄ / 2 mol NaOH = 0.500 mol H₂SO4 / mol NaOH

b) Actual ratio:

   0.360 mol H₂SO4 / 0.203 mol NaOH = 1.77 mol H₂SO₄ / mol NaOH

Since hte actual ratio of H₂SO₄  is greater than the stoichiometric ratio, you conclude that H₂SO₄ is in excess.

<u>5) Amount of H₂SO₄ that reacts:</u>

  • Since, KOH is the limiting reactant, using 0.203 mol KOH and the stoichiometryc ratio 1 mol H₂SO₄ / 2 mol KOH, you get:

         x / 0.203 mol KOH = 1 mol H₂SO₄ / 2 mol KOH ⇒

         x = 0.203 / 2 = 0.0677 mol of H₂SO₄

<u>6) Concentration of H₂SO₄ remaining:</u>

  • Initial amount - amount that reacted = 0.360 mol - 0.0677 mol = 0.292 mol

  • Total volume = 0.700 liter + 0.750 liter = 1.450 liter

  • Concetration = M

        M = n / V = 0.292 mol / 1.450 liter = 0.201 M ← answer

6 0
3 years ago
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