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3 years ago

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At high temperatures, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) decomposes to form calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The average

mass of 1 calcium oxide molecule is 56.079 amu, and the average mass of 1 carbon dioxide molecule is 44.009 amu.
CaCO3 CaO + CO2
Which is the total mass of the 1 calcium carbonate molecule?
A. 12.070 amu
B. 44.009 amu
C. 56.079 amu
D. 100.088 amu

1 answer:

bulgar [2K]3 years ago

4 0

Answer:

Option D is correct

Explanation:

The individual mass of reactants in the reaction are

Calcium Oxide (CaO) = $56.079$ amu

Carbon dioxide (CO2) $= 44.009$ amu

Since this reaction is a simple addition reaction in which no mass of the reactants is wasted. Also, no energy is released accompanied by conversion of mass into energy.

Hence, total mass of reactants would be equal to the mass of the product.

Thus, mass of calcium carbonate i.e CaCO3 is

$= 56.079 + 44.009 \\$

$= 100.08$ amu

Hence, option D is correct

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<u>Answer:</u>

<u>For a:</u> The activity coefficient of copper ions is 0.676

<u>For b:</u> The activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.851

<u>For c:</u> The activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.794

<u>Explanation:</u>

To calculate the activity coefficient of an ion, we use the equation given by Debye and Huckel, which is:

$-\log\gamma_i=\frac{0.51\times Z_i^2\times \sqrt{\mu}}{1+(3.3\times \alpha _i\times \sqrt{\mu})}$ ........(1)

where,

$\gamma_i$ = activity coefficient of ion

$Z_i$ = charge of the ion

$\mu$ = ionic strength of solution

$\alpha _i$ = diameter of the ion in nm

To calculate the ionic strength, we use the equation:

$\mu=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{i=1}^n(C_iZ_i^2)$ ......(2)

where,

$C_i$ = concentration of i-th ions

$Z_i$ = charge of i-th ions

<u>For a:</u>

We are given:

0.01 M NaCl solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

$C_{Na^+}=0.01M\\Z_{Na^+}=+1\\C_{Cl^-}=0.01M\\Z_{Cl^-}=-1$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

$\mu=\frac{1}{2}[(0.01\times (+1)^2)+(0.01\times (-1)^2)]\\\\\mu=0.01M$

Now, calculating the activity coefficient of $Cu^{2+}$ ion in the solution by using equation 1:

$Z_{Cu^{2+}}=2+\\\alpha_{Cu^{2+}}=0.6\text{ (known)}\\\mu=0.01M$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$-\log\gamma_{Cu^{2+}}=\frac{0.51\times (+2)^2\times \sqrt{0.01}}{1+(3.3\times 0.6\times \sqrt{0.01})}\\\\-\log\gamma_{Cu^{2+}}=0.17\\\\\gamma_{Cu^{2+}}=10^{-0.17}\\\\\gamma_{Cu^{2+}}=0.676$

Hence, the activity coefficient of copper ions is 0.676

<u>For b:</u>

We are given:

0.025 M HCl solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

$C_{H^+}=0.025M\\Z_{H^+}=+1\\C_{Cl^-}=0.025M\\Z_{Cl^-}=-1$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

$\mu=\frac{1}{2}[(0.025\times (+1)^2)+(0.025\times (-1)^2)]\\\\\mu=0.025M$

Now, calculating the activity coefficient of $K^{+}$ ion in the solution by using equation 1:

$Z_{K^{+}}=+1\\\alpha_{K^{+}}=0.3\text{ (known)}\\\mu=0.025M$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$-\log\gamma_{K^{+}}=\frac{0.51\times (+1)^2\times \sqrt{0.025}}{1+(3.3\times 0.3\times \sqrt{0.025})}\\\\-\log\gamma_{K^{+}}=0.070\\\\\gamma_{K^{+}}=10^{-0.070}\\\\\gamma_{K^{+}}=0.851$

Hence, the activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.851

<u>For c:</u>

We are given:

0.02 M $K_2SO_4$ solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

$C_{K^+}=(2\times 0.02)=0.04M\\Z_{K^+}=+1\\C_{SO_4^{2-}}=0.02M\\Z_{SO_4^{2-}}=-2$

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

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Now, calculating the activity coefficient of $K^{+}$ ion in the solution by using equation 1:

$Z_{K^{+}}=+1\\\alpha_{K^{+}}=0.3\text{ (known)}\\\mu=0.06M$

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

$-\log\gamma_{K^{+}}=\frac{0.51\times (+1)^2\times \sqrt{0.06}}{1+(3.3\times 0.3\times \sqrt{0.06})}\\\\-\log\gamma_{K^{+}}=0.1\\\\\gamma_{K^{+}}=10^{-0.1}\\\\\gamma_{K^{+}}=0.794$

Hence, the activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.794

6 0

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Oksanka [162]

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