That particular group of elements is reffered to as the "Noble Gasses"--a title that comes from the fact that these gases are very "secure" and don't mix well with other elements.
According to Newton, an object will only accelerate if there is a net or unbalanced forceacting upon it. The presence of an unbalanced force will accelerate an object - changing its speed, its direction, or both its speed and direction.
The magnitude of vector b is 8.58 Unit.
Since both the vectors a and b are perpendicular to each other, so we can apply the Pythagoras theorem to calculate the magnitude of the vector b.
Applying the Pythagoras theorem
(a-b)^2=a^2+b^2
15^2=12.3^2-b^2
b=8.58 unit
Therefor the magnitude of the vector b is 8.58 unit.