A. <span>the layer of rock and mineral fragments that covers nearly all of Earth's land surface</span>
Answer:
Molar absorptivity or molar extinction co-effecient = 2120.14 cm⁻¹M⁻¹
Explanation:
First convert Concentration from ppm inM or mol/l
⇒ Molar mass of KMnO₄ = 158.03 g
⇒ 4.48 ppm = 4.48 mg/l = 4.48 x 10⁻³ g/l
⇒ Molarity =
= 2.83 x 10⁻⁵ molar
Absorbance (A) = - log(T) ( T = % transmittance)
= - log(0.859)
= 0.06
According to Lambert Beer's law
ε = 
or, ε = 
or, ε = 2120.14 cm⁻¹M⁻¹
Where
ε = Molar absorptivity
A = absorbance
C = Molar concentration of KMnO₄ solution
l = length
1 km is equal to 100,000 cm

and you need to divide it to 1 km so that you can get rid of the km.
The correct answer for this question is this one: " a.The solution has a volume of 25 mL "
The observation that shows a quantitative observation is when you are talking about numeric data. Just like this one, <em>The solution has a volume of 25 mL </em>
Hope this helps answer your question and have a nice day ahead.
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