Answer:
critical stress = 595 MPa
Explanation:
given data
fracture toughness = 74.6 MPa-
crack length = 10 mm
f = 1
solution
we know crack length = 10 mm
and crack length = 2a as given in figure attach
so 2a = 10
a = 5 mm
and now we get here with the help of plane strain condition , critical stress is express as
critical stress = 
......................1
put here value and we get
critical stress = 
critical stress = 595 MPa
so here stress is change by plane strain condition because when plate become thinner than condition change by plane strain to plain stress.
plain stress condition occur in thin body where stress through thickness not vary by the thinner section.
Answer: Laplace equation provides a linear solution and helps in obtaining other solutions by being added to various solution of a particular equation as well.
Inviscid , incompressible and irrotational field have and basic solution ans so they can be governed by the Laplace equation to obtain a interesting and non-common solution .The analysis of such solution in a flow of Laplace equation is termed as potential flow.
Answer:
The constant here is the study outline
Explanation:
In scientific research, the constant variable is that part/variable of the experiment that does not change or is set not to change. Examples include temperature, environment or height.
Assuming the scenery described in this question is an experiment. All the groups presented are bound by a constant during the experiment. The constant here is the study outline. The study outline provided to the students is not going to change.
NOTE: There could be confusion as regards the answer being the final exam grade but that will be the dependent variable as that will be the outcome of the experiment while the time spent to study will be the independent variable.
Sorry bro people do this22.2 pls
Answer:
a) 
, b) 
Explanation:
a) The counterflow heat exchanger is presented in the attachment. Given that cold water is an uncompressible fluid, specific heat does not vary significantly with changes on temperature. Let assume that cold water has the following specific heat:
The effectiveness of the counterflow heat exchanger as a function of the capacity ratio and NTU is:
The capacity ratio is:
Heat exchangers with NTU greater than 3 have enormous heat transfer surfaces and are not justified economically. Let consider that 
. The efectiveness of the heat exchanger is:
The real heat transfer rate is:
The exit temperature of the hot fluid is:
The log mean temperature difference is determined herein:
The heat transfer surface area is:
Length of a single pass counter flow heat exchanger is:
b) Given that tube wall is very thin, inner and outer heat transfer areas are similar and, consequently, the cold side heat transfer coefficient is approximately equal to the hot side heat transfer coefficient.
