Answer: 
Explanation:
The equation to calculate the center of mass
of a particle system is:

In this case we can arrange for one dimension, assuming the geometric center of the Earth and the ladder are on a line, and assuming original center of mass located at the Earth's geometric center:

Where:
is the mass of the Earth
is the mass of 1 billion people
is the radius of the Earth
is the distance between the center of the Earth and the position of the people (2 m above the Earth's surface)

This is the displacement of Earth's center of mass from the original center.
Answer:
Velocity of airplane is 500 km/h
Velocity of wind is 40 km/h
Explanation:
= Velocity of airplane in still air
= Velocity of wind
Time taken by plane to travel 1150 km against the wind is 2.5 hours

Time taken by plane to travel 450 km against the wind is 50 minutes = 50/60 hours

Subtracting the two equations we get

Applying the value of velocity of wind to the first equation

∴ Velocity of airplane in still air is 500 km/h and Velocity of wind is 40 km/h