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Lynna [10]
3 years ago
12

In a very large closed tank, the absolute pressure of the air above the water is 6.46 x 105 Pa. The water leaves the bottom of t

he tank through a nozzle that is directed straight upward. The opening of the nozzle is 2.86 m below the surface of the water. (a) Find the speed at which the water leaves the nozzle. (b) Ignoring air resistance and viscous effects, determine the height (relative to the submerged end of nozzle) to which the water rises.
Physics
1 answer:
a_sh-v [17]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

a) 35.94 ms⁻²

b) 65.85 m

Explanation:

Take down the data:

ρ = 1000kg/m3

a) First, we need to establish the total pressure of the water in the tank. Note the that the tanks is closed. It means that the total pressure, Ptot,  at the bottom of the tank is the sum of the pressure of the water plus the air trapped between the tank rook and water. In other words:

Ptot = Pgas + Pwater

However, the air is the one influencing the water to move, so elimininating Pwater the equation becomes:

Ptot  = Pgas

        = 6.46 × 10⁵ Pa

The change in pressure is given by the continuity equation:

ΔP = 1/2ρv²

where v is the velocity of the water as it exits the tank.

Calculating:

6.46 × 10⁵  =1/2 ×1000×v²

solving for v, we get v = 35.94 ms⁻²

b) The Bernoulli's equation will be applicable here.

The water is coming out with the same pressure, therefore, the equation will be:

ΔP = ρgh

6.46 × 10⁵  = 1000 x 9.81 x h

h = 65.85 meters

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A gas is compressed from an initial volume of 5.55 L to a final volume of 1.22 L by an external pressure of 1.00 atm. During the
algol13

Answer:

Explanation:

change in the volume of the gas = 5.55 - 1.22

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external pressure ( constant ) P = 1 x 10⁵ Pa

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A sphere of mass m and radius r is released from rest at the top of a curved track of height H. The sphere travels down the curv
iren2701 [21]

Explanation:

<em>(a) On the dots below, which represent the sphere, draw and label the forces (not components) that are exerted on the sphere at point A and at point B, respectively.  Each force must be represented by a distinct arrow starting on and pointing away from the dot.</em>

At point A, there are three forces acting on the sphere: weight force mg pulling down, normal force N pushing left, and static friction force Fs pushing down.

At point B, there are three forces acting on the sphere: weight force mg pulling down, normal force N pushing down, and static friction force Fs pushing right.

<em>(b) i. Derive an expression for the speed of the sphere at point A.</em>

Energy is conserved:

PE = PE + KE + RE

mgH = mgR + ½mv² + ½Iω²

mgH = mgR + ½mv² + ½(⅖mr²)(v/r)²

mgH = mgR + ½mv² + ⅕mv²

gH = gR + ⁷/₁₀ v²

v² = 10g(H−R)/7

v = √(10g(H−R)/7)

<em>ii. Derive an expression for the normal force the track exerts on the sphere at point A.</em>

Sum of forces in the radial (-x) direction:

∑F = ma

N = mv²/R

N = m (10g(H−R)/7) / R

N = 10mg(H−R)/(7R)

<em>(c) Calculate the ratio of the rotational kinetic energy to the translational kinetic energy of the sphere at point A.</em>

RE / KE

= (½Iω²) / (½mv²)

= ½(⅖mr²)(v/r)² / (½mv²)

= (⅕mv²) / (½mv²)

= ⅕ / ½

= ⅖

<em>(d) The minimum release height necessary for the sphere to travel around the loop and not lose contact with the loop at point B is Hmin.  The sphere is replaced with a hoop of the same mass and radius.  Will the value of Hmin increase, decrease, or stay the same?  Justify your answer.</em>

When the sphere or hoop just begins to lose contact with the loop at point B, the normal force is 0.  Sum of forces in the radial (-y) direction:

∑F = ma

mg = mv²/R

gR = v²

Applying conservation of energy:

PE = PE + KE + RE

mgH = mg(2R) + ½mv² + ½Iω²

mgH = 2mgR + ½mv² + ½(kmr²)(v/r)²

mgH = 2mgR + ½mv² + ½kmv²

gH = 2gR + ½v² + ½kv²

gH = 2gR + ½v² (1 + k)

Substituting for v²:

gH = 2gR + ½(gR) (1 + k)

H = 2R + ½R (1 + k)

H = ½R (4 + 1 + k)

H = ½R (5 + k)

For a sphere, k = 2/5.  For a hoop, k = 1.  As k increases, H increases.

<em>(e) The sphere is again released from a known height H and eventually leaves the track at point C, which is a height R above the bottom of the loop, as shown in the figure above.  The track makes an angle of θ above the horizontal at point C.  Express your answer in part (e) in terms of m, r, H, R, θ, and physical constants, as appropriate.  Calculate the maximum height above the bottom of the loop that the sphere will reach.</em>

C is at the same height as A, so we can use our answer from part (b) to write an equation for the initial velocity at C.

v₀ = √(10g(H−R)/7)

The vertical component of this initial velocity is v₀ sin θ.  At the maximum height, the vertical velocity is 0.  During this time, the sphere is in free fall.  The maximum height reached is therefore:

v² = v₀² + 2aΔx

0² = (√(10g(H−R)/7) sin θ)² + 2(-g)(h − R)

0 = 10g(H−R)/7 sin²θ − 2g(h − R)

2g(h − R) = 10g(H−R)/7 sin²θ

h − R = 5(H−R)/7 sin²θ

h = R + ⁵/₇(H−R)sin²θ

4 0
3 years ago
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