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2 years ago

Essence of check line in chain surveying

Engineering

1 answer:

zimovet [89]2 years ago

6 0

Answer:

Following are the description on the chain surveying:

Explanation:

The checking which is also called a beginning of the test is indeed a line uniting the summit of a triangular with other fixed locations from both sides of a triangle. To verify the overall precision of a framework, the check-line is measured. When assessed mostly on the ground, every length of an examination line should match its height. It also is called a proof line that connects the top of the triangle with any fixed location in the contrary direction. It is utilized for verifying the preciseness of a work.

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There are two types of cellular phones, handheld phones (H) that you carry and mobile phones (M) that are mounted in vehicles. P

nexus9112 [7]

Answer:

A) P(W) = 0.5

B) P(MF) = 0.3

C) P(H) = 0.6

Explanation:

We are told that there are two types of cellular phones which are handheld phones (H) that you carry and mobile phones (M) that are mounted in vehicles.

Also, Phone calls can be classified by the traveling speed of the user as fast (F) or slow (W).

Thus, the sample space is combination of types and classification we are given and it is written as;

S = {HF, HW, MF, MW}

A) Now, phones can either be fast(F) or slow(W). Thus, we can write;

P(F) + P(W) = 1

We are given P(F) = 0.5

Thus;

0.5 + P(W) = 1

P(W) = 1 - 0.5

P(W) = 0.5

B) Now, from the problem statement, a phone call can either be made with a handheld(H) or mobile(M). Thus the sample space partition is {H, M} and we can express as;

P(H ∩ F) + P(M ∩ F) = P(F)

We are given P[F] = 0.5 and P[HF] = 0.2.

P(H ∩ F) is same as P[HF]

Also, P(M ∩ F) is same as P(MF)

Thus;

0.2 + P(MF) = 0.5

P(MF) = 0.5 - 0.2

P(MF) = 0.3

C) Similarly, mobile Phone calls can either be fast or slow. It means the sample space partition is {F, W}

Thus;

P(M) = P(MW) + P(MF)

P(M) = 0.1 + 0.3

P(M) = 0.4

Now, since cellular phones can either be handheld(H) or Mobile(M), then we can say;

P(H) + P(M) = 1

P(H) + 0.4 = 1

P(H) = 1 - 0.4

P(H) = 0.6

5 0

2 years ago

In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at 0.2 m/s through a

stepan [7]

Answer:

The required heat flux = 12682.268 W/m²

Explanation:

From the given information:

The initial = 25°C

The final = 75°C

The volume of the fluid = 0.2 m/s

The diameter of the steel tube = 12.7 mm = 0.0127 m

The fluid properties for density $\rho$ = 1000 kg/m³

The mass flow rate of the fluid can be calculated as:

$m = pAV$

$m = \rho \dfrac{\pi}{4}D^2V$

$m = 1000 \times \dfrac{\pi}{4} \times ( 0.0127)^2 \times 0.2$

$m = 0.0253 \ kg/s$

To estimate the amount of the heat by using the expression:

$q = mc_p(T_{final}-T_{initial})$

q = 0.0253 × 4000(75-25)

q = 101.2 (50)

q = 5060 W

Finally, the required heat of the flux is determined by using the formula:

$q" = \dfrac{q}{A_s}$

$q" = \dfrac{q}{\pi D L}$

$q" = \dfrac{5060}{\pi \times 0.0127 \times 10}$

q" = 12682.268 W/m²

The required heat flux = 12682.268 W/m²

3 0

3 years ago

Annealing is a process by which steel is reheated and then cooled to make it less brittle. Consider the reheat stage for a 100-m

kodGreya [7K]

Complete question is;

Annealing is a process by which steel is reheated and then cooled to make it less brittle. Consider the reheat stage for a 100 mm thick plate (ρ = 7830 kg/m3, Cp = 550 J/kg K, k = 48 W/m K). The plate initially is at 200 °C and is to be heated to a minimum temperature of 550 °C. Heating is effected in a gas-fired furnace where the products of combustion at T∞ = 800 °C maintain a convection heat transfer coefficient of h = 250 W/m.K on both surfaces of the plate. How long should the plate be left in the furnace?

Answer:

860 seconds

Explanation:

We are given;

Initial Temperature; Ti = 200 °C

Minimum Temperature; T_i = 550 °C

T∞ = 800 °C

convection coefficient; h = 250 W/m².K

ρ = 7830 kg/m³

Cp = 550 J/kg K

k = 48 W/m K

Plate thickness = 100mm

Thus,L = 100/2 = 50mm = 0.05 m

Let's find the biot number from the formula;

Bi = hL/K

Bi = (250 × 0.05)/48

Bi = 0.2604

Now, lowest temperature in the slab is given as;

θ_o = (T_o - T∞)/(T_i - T∞)

θ_o = (550 - 800)/(200 - 800)

θ_o = 0.4167

Now, from online tables calculation, we can find the root of the biot number.

Thus, root of the biot number Bi = 0.2604 is;

ζ1 = 0.488 rad

Also, C1 is gotten as 1.0396

Now,formula for thermal diffusivity is;

α = k/ρc

α = 48/(7830 × 550)

α = 1.115 × 10^(-5) m²/s

Also, from online tables, f(ζ1) = 0.401

Thus, we can find the time the plate should the plate be left in the furnace from;

-(ζ1)²(αt/L²) = In 0.401

-(ζ1)²(αt/L²) = -0.9138

t = (-0.9138 × 0.05²)/-(0.488² × 1.115 × 10^(-5))

t ≈ 860 s

8 0

3 years ago

From your cooling load (8890.007 Btu/hr = 2.605kW, determine mass flow rate of refrigerants. Use the following "rule of thumb" e

NeX [460]

Answer:

0.740833917 ton/hr

Explanation:

Given:

Cooling load, 8890.007 Btu/hr = 2.605 kW

Room size = 180 $ft^{2}$

According to the thumb rule

1 ton of refrigerant = 12000Btu

Hence for 8890.007 Btu/hr,

the mass flow rate of the refrigerant is =8890.007 / 12000

= 0.740833917 ton per hr

Hence, mass flow rate is 0.740833917 ton/hr

7 0

3 years ago

In an international film festival, a penal of 11 judges is formed to judge the best film. At

Julli [10]

Answer:

International Film Festival

Judging the best best film:

a. The probability that out of five judges (random sample), three are in favor of film FA is:

= 33%.

b. The demerits of classical probability are:

1. Classical probability can only be used with events that have definite numbers of possible outcomes.

2. Classical probability can only handle events where each outcome is equally likely.

3. Classical probability is based on the assumption of linear relationship (which is not always true in real life) between the latent variable and observed scores.

Explanation:

a) Number of judges = 11

Number of judges in favor of FA film = 6

Number of judges in favor of FB film = 5

Probability of judges in favor of FA film = 6/11

Probability of judges in favor of FB film = 5/11

Random sample of judges = 5

Probability that out of five judges, three are in favor of film FA = 3/5 * 6/11

= 18/55

= 33%

b) Classical probability is the simple probability showing that each event has equal chance of happening. It can be contrasted with empirical probability that is obtained from experiments.

7 0

3 years ago