<span>Consider two solutions: solution X has a pH of 4; solution Y has a pH of 7. From this information, we can reasonably conclude that </span>the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) or hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) in solution X is thousand times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions or hydronium ions in solution Y.
Solution X: c(H⁺) = 10∧-pH = 10⁻⁴ mol/L = 0,0001 mol/L.
Solution Y: c(H⁺) = 10⁻⁷ mol/L = 0,0000001 mol/L.
0,0001 mol/L / 0,0000001 mol/L = 1000.
Answer:
Explanation:
Electron affinity is the energy released in adding an electron to a neutral atom in the gas phase.
It is a measure of the readiness of an atom to gain an electron. This property is very peculiar to non-metals. The higher the value, the greater the tendency to accept electrons.
Across a period electron affinity increases due to the increasing nuclear charge not being compensated for.
Down a group, electron affinity decreases due to the low nuclear charge and the large atomic radii.
The exception to this rule is the stability of half-filled sublevels. For example, nitrogen has a configuration of 2,5 with sublevel notation of 1s²2s²2p³.
The p-sublevel has a degeneracy of three and the three electrons goes in singly. This makes the configuration stable.
We expect such an atom to have a higher electron affinity but its configuration is stable and carbon would have a higher affinity than it across the same period.
Half filled sublevels are exception to the trend of electron affinity.
H₂SO₄(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na₂SO₄(aq) + 2H₂O(l)
2H⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + 2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻ → 2Na⁺ + SO₄²⁻ + 2H₂O
H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O (the net ionic equation)
Beryllium<span> (Be), </span>magnesium<span> (</span>Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr<span>), </span>barium<span>(Ba) and radium (Ra). Elements are grouped together because they share similar properties.
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