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3 years ago

What is a saturted solution

Chemistry

1 answer:

andrew-mc [135]3 years ago

5 0

Answer:

Please find the definition and further explanation below

Explanation:

Based on the ability for the solvent (liquid substance) to dissolve a solute (solid substance), a solution can either be unsaturated, saturated or supersaturated. A SATURATED SOLUTION is that which contains the maximum amount of solute a solvent can possibly dissolve.

In other words, a saturated solution can no longer dissolve anymore solute, and hence, any further solute added forms crystals or makes the solution supersaturated.

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an electron in the 3rd shell of an Aluminium atom moves to the first shell in a bombardment process. Calculate the frequency of

Liula [17]

Following the quantic theory, the energy of a photon equals the radiation frequency multiplied by the universal constant. ν = 2.923x10¹⁵ Hz. E = 3.09x10¹⁵Hz.

<h3>What is quantum mechanic?</h3>

It is the branch of physics that studies objects and forces at a very low scale, at atoms, subatoms, and particles levels.

Quantum mechanics states that the elemental particles that constitute matter -electrons, neutrons, protons- have the properties of a wave and a particle.

It emerges from the quantic theory exposed by Max Planck (1922), in which he affirmed that light propagates in energy packages or photons.

He discovered the Universal Planck constant, h, used to calculate the energy of a photon.

He stated that the energy of a photon (E) equals the radiation frequency (ν) multiplied by the universal constant (h).

E = νh

In the exposed example, we need to calculate the energy required to change from the 3rd shell to the first shell.

To do it, we should know that the energy in a level (Eₙ) equals the energy associated to an electron in the most inferior energy level (E₁) divided by the square of the shell number (n²).

Eₙ = E₁ / n²

E₁ is a constant. We can express it in Joules or electroVolts

E₁ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J
E₁ = -13.6 eV

So, let us calculate the energy at level 1 and 3

Eₙ = E₁ / n²

E₁ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 1² = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J

E₁ = -13.6 eV / 1² = -13.6 eV

E₃ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 3² = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J / 9 = - 2.42x10⁻¹⁹ J

E₃ = -13.6 eV / 3² = -13.6 eV / 9 = - 1.51 eV

The change of energy can be calculated in two ways,

Option 1

ΔE = E₁ - E₃ = 2.18x10⁻¹⁸ - 2.42x10⁻¹⁹ = 1.93x10⁻¹⁸J

ΔE = E₁ - E₃ = 13.6 - 1.51 = 12.09 eV

Option 2

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE =-13.6 eV (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

Where nf is the final level and ni is the initial level. When the electron passes from its initial level to its final level it is called electronic transition.

ni = 3
nf = 1

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1/1² - 1/3²)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (1 - 0.111)

ΔE = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸ J (0.888)

ΔE = - 1.937x10⁻¹⁸ J

ΔE = -13.6 eV (1/nf² - 1/ni²)

ΔE = -13.6 eV (1/1² - 1/3²)

ΔE = -13.6 eV (1 - 0.111)

ΔE = -13.6 eV (0.888)

ΔE = -12.08 eV

This is the energy required for the electron to go from n= 3 to n = 1. The negative sign (-) means energy (as light or photons) released or emitted.

If we want to express the result in Hz, we just need to make a conversion.

1Hz ⇔ 6.626x10⁻³⁴J ⇔ 4.136x10¹⁵ eV.

The energy required for the electron to go from n= 3 to n = 1 is 3.09x10¹⁵ Hz.

Now, we need to calculate the frequency, ν. This is, how many times the wave oscillates back and foward per second.

To do it, we will use the universal Planck constant, h, and the absolute value of the energy, E.

ν = E/h = 1.937x10⁻¹⁸ J / 6.626x10⁻³⁴ Js = 2.923x10¹⁵ 1/s = 2.923x10¹⁵ Hz.

Answer:

Frequency, ν = E/h = 2.923x10¹⁵ Hz.
Energy, E = 3.09x10¹⁵ Hz.

You can learn more about quantum mechanic at

brainly.com/question/11855107

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brainly.com/question/11852353

5 0

2 years ago

A chlorine atom in its ground state has a total of seven electrons in orbitals related to the atoms third energy level. how many

kiruha [24]

5 electrons

The electron configuration of an atom shows or describes the distribution of electrons in their atomic orbitals. In particular, it shows the distribution in terms of the principal energy levels or electron shells (reflected by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and their corresponding subshells (reflected by the letters s,p,d,f,g) composed of atomic orbitals.

The maximum number of electrons in the s-subshell is 2, in the p-subshell, 6, in the d-subshell, 10, in the f-subshell, 14, and in the g-subshell, 18. In the electron configuration of an atom, the number of electrons in the subshell for a given atom is reflected by a number (in superscript) next to the corresponding letter of the subshell.

The electron configuration of a chlorine atom in its ground state is
 $1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{5}$

Thus, the number of electrons in the 3rd energy level in the p-subshell is 5 ( $3p^{5}$ as seen in the electron configuration of the atom).

7 0

3 years ago

What is the molarity of 5.39 grams of CaCl2 dissolved in 609 mL of water? (molar mass = 110.98 g/mol)

Ivenika [448]

Use google it works well

3 0

3 years ago

Find any errors in the orbital notation diagrams below and correct them.

riadik2000 [5.3K]

Answer:

See explanation.

Explanation:

A. 2s is incorrect, the right arrow should be pointing downwards.

B. In 2p, the last box has 3 arrows. This is invalid. Each box can only store 2 arrows(electrons). The last arrow should be moved to a 3p orbital (new box).

C. In this one, the arrows switched directions (left is down and right is up). You could fix each box or just the last one (in 3p) to point downwards.

4 0

3 years ago

Prokaryotes store their DNA in a nucleus. True or false

kirill [66]

False, because prokaryotes do not have a nucleus.

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers