In a galvanic cell, the flow of electrons will be from the anode to cathode through the circuit .
Whether a cell is an electrolysis cell (non-spontaneous chemistry driven by forcing electricity from an external energy source) or a galvanic cell (spontaneous chemistry driving electricity), will determine the charge of the anode and the cathode. Depending on where the electrons encounter resistance and find it difficult to pass, a negative charge may emerge. Therefore, you cannot determine the direction of the current just on the charge on the electrode.
Oxidation and reduction always take place at the anode and cathode, respectively.
An element undergoes oxidation when it surrenders one or more electrons to become more positively charged. These electrons leave the chemicals in any type of cell and travel to the anode, where they enter the external circuit.
An element picks up an electron during reduction to become more negatively charged (less positive, lower oxidation state). These electrons are captured from the external circuit at the cathode in both types of cells.
Therefore, no matter what kind of cell you are dealing with, the oxidizing chemicals at the anode transfer the electrons to the external circuit; these electrons then move through the circuit from the anode to the cathode, where they are captured by the reducing chemicals. The electrons always go from the anode to the cathode via the external circuit.
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Answer:
3s orbital
Explanation:
3s is the outermost orbital of magnesium and it loses electron from it, it doesnt even have 4f, 5p or 3d orbitals.
Answer:
The temperature should be higher than 437.9 Kelvin (or 164.75 °C) to be spontaneous
Explanation:
<u>Step 1:</u> Data given
ΔH∘=20.1 kJ/mol
ΔS is 45.9 J/K
<u>Step 2:</u> When is the reaction spontaneous
Consider temperature and pressure = constant.
The conditions for spontaneous reactions are:
ΔH <0
ΔS > 0
ΔG <0 The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures
ΔH <0
ΔS <0
ΔG <0 The reaction is spontaneous at low temperatures ( ΔH - T*ΔS <0)
ΔH >0
ΔS >0
ΔG <0 The reaction is spontaneous at high temperatures ( ΔH - T*ΔS <0)
<u>Step 3:</u> Calculate the temperature
ΔG <0 = ΔH - T*ΔS
T*ΔS > ΔH
T > ΔH/ΔS
In this situation:
T > (20100 J)/(45.9 J/K)
T > 437.9 K
T > 164.75 °C
The temperature should be higher than 437.9 Kelvin (or 164.75 °C) to be spontaneous
Answer:
Odds to be given for an event that either Romance or Downhill wins is 11:4
Explanation:
Given an odd, r = a : b. The probability of the odd, r can be determined by;
Pr(r) = 
÷ (
So that;
Odd that Romance will win = 2:3
Pr(R) = 
÷ (
= ÷ 
= 
Odd that Downhill will win = 1:2
Pr(D) = 
÷ (
= ÷ 
= 
The probability that either Romance or Downhill will win is;
Pr(R) + Pr(D) = +
= 
The probability that neither Romance nor Downhill will win is;
Pr(neither R nor D) = (1 - )
= 
The odds to be given for an event that either Romance or Downhill wins can be determined by;
= Pr(Pr(R) + Pr(D)) ÷ Pr(neither R nor D)
= ÷
= 
Therefore, odds to be given for an event that either Romance or Downhill wins is 11:4
<u>Answer:</u>
The principle of faunal succession state <em>"Specific groups of organisms have followed one another in a definite sequence through the Earth's history."</em>
<u>Explanation:</u>
Faunal succession basically means is that the fossils of the flora and fauna of different eras can be found in a specific order and never in the same strata. This allows the geologists to determine the time sequence and also to identify the various strata by dating the fossils that are found in each of them. The older version of fossils are found beneath the fossils of modified versions. For example fossils of simple feathers that cannot support flight are found to be succeeded by fossils of more complex feathers.
