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<span>According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, </span>new species evolve suddenly over relatively short periods of time (a few hundred to a thousand years), followed by longer periods in which little genetic change occurs. Hope this helps. Have a nice day.
Its simple use formuila ,
PV=nRT
n,R is constant as the both have same moles.
so,
(p1v1)/T1 = (p2v2)/T2
so, 128.53338kpa
<span>3.36x10^5 Pascals
The ideal gas law is
PV=nRT
where
P = Pressure
V = Volume
n = number of moles of gas particles
R = Ideal gas constant
T = Absolute temperature
Since n and R will remain constant, let's divide both sides of the equation by T, getting
PV=nRT
PV/T=nR
Since the initial value of PV/T will be equal to the final value of PV/T let's set them equal to each other with the equation
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
where
P1, V1, T1 = Initial pressure, volume, temperature
P2, V2, T2 = Final pressure, volume, temperature
Now convert the temperatures to absolute temperature by adding 273.15 to both of them.
T1 = 27 + 273.15 = 300.15
T2 = 157 + 273.15 = 430.15
Substitute the known values into the equation
1.5E5*0.75/300.15 = P2*0.48/430.15
And solve for P2
1.5E5*0.75/300.15 = P2*0.48/430.15
430.15 * 1.5E5*0.75/300.15 = P2*0.48
64522500*0.75/300.15 = P2*0.48
48391875/300.15 = P2*0.48
161225.6372 = P2*0.48
161225.6372/0.48 = P2
335886.7441 = P2
Rounding to 3 significant figures gives 3.36x10^5 Pascals.
(technically, I should round to 2 significant figures for the result of 3.4x10^5 Pascals, but given the precision of the volumes, I suspect that the extra 0 in the initial pressure was accidentally omitted. It should have been 1.50e5 instead of 1.5e5).</span>
Answer:
Part a)
![v = 7407.1 m/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v%20%3D%207407.1%20m%2Fs)
Part b)
![v_{rel} = 1.05 \times 10^4 m/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_%7Brel%7D%20%3D%201.05%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E4%20m%2Fs)
Explanation:
Part a)
As we know that orbital velocity at certain height from the surface of Earth is given as
![v = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{R+h}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v%20%3D%20%5Csqrt%7B%5Cfrac%7BGM%7D%7BR%2Bh%7D%7D)
here we know that
![M = 5.98 \times 10^{24} kg](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=M%20%3D%205.98%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B24%7D%20kg)
![R = 6.37 \times 10^6 m](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=R%20%3D%206.37%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E6%20m)
![h = 900 km = 9.0 \times 10^5 m](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=h%20%3D%20900%20km%20%3D%209.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E5%20m)
now we have
![v = \sqrt{\frac{(6.67 \times 10^{-11})(5.98 \times 10^{24})}{6.37 \times 10^6 + 9.0 \times 10^5}}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v%20%3D%20%5Csqrt%7B%5Cfrac%7B%286.67%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-11%7D%29%285.98%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B24%7D%29%7D%7B6.37%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E6%20%2B%209.0%20%5Ctimes%2010%5E5%7D%7D)
![v = 7407.1 m/s](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v%20%3D%207407.1%20m%2Fs)
Part b)
When a loose rivet is moving in same orbit but at 90 degree with the previous orbit path then in that case the relative speed of the rivet with respect to the satellite is given as
![v_{rel} = \sqrt{2} v](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=v_%7Brel%7D%20%3D%20%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%20v)