These are the most common type of faults not just inductors but also with other elements too like resistors,transformers, generators etc.
open circuit fault means the flow of current is disrupted some how in the circuit and the circuit stops operating. and for short circuit fault the current in the system will be pretty high and this short circuit current or fault current will always run back to the fault location, if the inductor got short circuited somehow then the fault current will only run through it because it will then provide a very low impedence path
The situation (heat going through the ceiling) describes
conduction ... heat going from one place to another by
soaking through some material.
A). This is the one. Heat goes from from the marshmallow
to your hand by soaking through the wire. This is conduction too.
B). No. The heat in the room goes from the floor to the ceiling
because the warm air rises and carries it there. This is convection.
C). No. There's nothing for the heat to soak through between
the sun and the roof, and nothing that can move from the sun
to the roof and bring the heat with it. This is radiation.
D). No. Cold water sinks from the surface to the bottom because
warm water rose from the bottom to the surface, taking heat with it.
This is convection.
Based on the situation above the the work done was 400 Joules. <span>Q = FS cos(theta) is the so-called work function. It's important to learn the work physics; you'll see it over and over in science/physics class. Theta is the angle between the force vector F and the distance vector S. In your problem we assume theta = 0, the two vectors were assumed aligned.</span>
