Answer:
b. The side the boy is sitting on will tilt downward
Explanation:
Initially, the seesaw is balanced because the torque exerted by the boy is equal to the torque exerted by the girl:

where
Wb is the weight of the boy
db is the distance of the boy from the pivot
Wg is the weight of the girl
dg is the distance of the girl from the pivot
When the boy moves backward, the distance of the boy from the pivot (
increases, therefore the torques are no longer balanced: the torque exerted by the boy will be larger, and therefore the side of the boy will tilt downward.
Given:
distance from the projector lens to the image, di
projector lens focal length, f
distance from the transparency to the projector lens, do
thin lens equation: 1/f = 1/di + 1/do
do = 4 inches
di = 8 feet
convert feet to inches, for uniformity.
1 foot = 12 inches
8 feet * 12 inches/ft = 96 inches
1/f = 1/96 inches + 1/4 inches
Adding fractions, denominator must be the same.
1/f = (1/96 * 1/1) + (1/4 * 24/24)
1/f = 1/96 + 24/96
1/f = 25/96
to find the value of f, do cross multiplication
1*96 = f * 25
96 = 25f
96/25 = f
3.84 = f
The focal length of the project lens is 3.84 inches