Answer:
Concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst, and has a dual role:
-Speeds up the reaction.
-Acts as a dehydrating agent, forcing the equilibrium to the right and resulting in a greater yield of ester.
Answer:
Photoelectric effect, pair production and Compton scattering
Explanation:
Gamma rays, having no charge, can be slowed slowly by ionization as a material passes through. They suffer other mechanisms that eventually make them disappear, transferring their energy, they can cross several centimeters of a solid, or hundreds of meters of air, without undergoing any process or affecting the material they cross. Then they suffer one of the three effects and deposit much of their energy there. The three mechanisms of interaction with matter are: the photoelectric effect, the Compton effect and the production of pairs.
The photoelectric effect is that the photon meets an electron in the material and transfers all its energy, disappearing the original photon. The secondary electron acquires all the energy of the photon in the form of kinetic energy, and is sufficient to separate it from its atom and convert it into a projectile. This is stopped by ionization and excitation of the material
In the Compton effect the photon collides with an electron as if it were a clash between two elastic spheres. The secondary electron acquires only part of the energy of the photon and the rest takes it with another photon of lesser energy and diverted.
When an energy photon approaches the intense electric field of a nucleus, the production of pairs can happen. In this case the photon is transformed into an electron positron pair. Since the sum of the mass of the pair is 1.02 MeV, it cannot happen if the photon's energy is less than this amount. If the energy of the original photon is greater than 1.02 MeV, the surplus is distributed by the electron and the positron as kinetic energy, and the material can be ionized. The positron at the end of its path forms a positronium and then annihilates producing two annihilation photons, 0.51 MeV each.
Answer:
Temperature rises when boiling occurs.
If a gas has an initial pressure of 24,650 pa and an initial volume of 376 ml, then the final volume would be 11,943.8144 ml if the pressure of the gas is changed to 775 torr assuming that the amount and the temperature of the gas remain constant.
It is given that the initial pressure P₁ is 24,650Pa and initial volumeV₁ is 376ml and the final pressureP₂ is 775 torr. We need to find the final volume of the gas. The final volume could be found using the following formula:
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
By substituting the values, we get
24650 x 376 = 776 x V₂
9268400 = 776V₂
V₂ = 9268400/776
V₂ = 11,943.8144 ml
Therefore, the final volume of the gas would be 11,943.8144 ml
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Trace fossils provide us with indirect evidence of life in the past, such as the footprints, tracks, burrows, borings, and feces left behind by animals, rather than the preserved remains of the body of the actual animal itself. so i would say B.
