Answer:
The stress in the rod is 39.11 psi.
Explanation:
The stress due to a pulling force is obtained dividing the pulling force by the the area of the cross section of the rod. The respective area for a cylinder is:

Replacing the diameter the area results:

Therefore the the stress results:

Explanation:
Yes Diesel engine have problem of knocking.
We know that knocking is phenomenon in which suddenly large amount of power generates this large amount of power will cause the failure of diesel engine.
Actually when one set of fuel inject inside the cylinder to burn with already compressed air (in general up to 10-15 bar) then this fuel does not burn complete and accumulate inside the cylinder.After that second set of fuel inject inside the cylinder then that one set of fuel burns with second set of fuel and produces large amount of sudden power for engine and causes the breaks in the crank or connecting rod of engine.it leads to damage the engine.
ANSWERS:

Explanation:
Given:
Piston cylinder assembly which mean that the process is constant pressure process P=C.
<u>AMMONIA </u>
state(1)
saturated vapor 
The temperature 
Isothermal process 
a)
( double)
b)
(reduced by half)
To find the final state by giving the quality in lbf/in we assume the friction is neglected and the system is in equilibrium.
state(1)
using PVT data for saturated ammonia

then the state exists in the supper heated region.
a) from standard data



assume linear interpolation


b)

from standard data

then the state exist in the wet zone

