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Soloha48 [4]
3 years ago
5

In the car industry, clay models are used to visualize and test new car designs.

Engineering
2 answers:
zhannawk [14.2K]3 years ago
7 0
False hope this helps out
Sphinxa [80]3 years ago
6 0
False, they use technology like computer programs to visualize their models
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Which of the following is NOT true concerning the color of minerals? A. Some minerals have a consistent color, but many have a r
mixer [17]

Answer:

Option D

A mineral’s color reflects the wavelengths of light that are absorbed by the mineral.

Explanation:

Color is one of the physical properties of minerals. Many minerals have a wide range of colors but there are some minerals with one consistent color and such minerals are referred as monochromatic minerals for example azurite. Normally, the streak color tends to be less variable than the color of the whole mineral and impurities or minor chemical components in a mineral react and often control the display color of resultant mineral. Option D is incorrect since mineral's color don't reflect wavelengths of light absorbed by such minerals.

5 0
3 years ago
Consider a modification of the air-standard Otto cycle in which the isentropic compression and expansion processes are each repl
Ulleksa [173]

Answer:

The answers to the question are

(1) Process 1 to 2

W = 295.16 kJ/kg

Q = -73.79 kJ/kg

(2) Process 2 to 3

W = 0

Q = 1135.376 kJ/kg

(3) Process 3 to 4

W = -1049.835 kJ/kg

Q = 262.459 kJ/kg

(4) Process 4 to 3

W=0

Q = -569.09 kJ/kg

(b) The thermal efficiency = 49.9 %

(c) The mean effective pressure is 9.44 bar

Explanation:

(a) Volume compression ratio \frac{v_1}{v_2}  = 10

Initial pressure p₁ = 1 bar

Initial temperature, T₁ = 310 K

cp = 1.005 kJ/kg⋅K

Temperature T₃ = 2200 K from the isentropic chart of the Otto cycle

For a polytropic process we have

\frac{p_1}{p_2}  = (\frac{v_2}{v_1} )^n Therefore p₂ = p₁ ÷ (\frac{v_2}{v_1} )^n = (1 bar) ÷ (\frac{1}{10} )^{1.3} = 19.953 bar

Similarly for a polytropic process we have

\frac{T_1}{T_2}  = (\frac{v_2}{v_1} )^{n-1} or T₂ = T₁ ÷ (\frac{v_2}{v_1} )^{n-1} = \frac{310}{0.1^{0.3}} = 618.531 K

The molar mass of air is 28.9628 g/mol.

Therefore R = \frac{8.3145}{28.9628} = 0.287 kJ/kg⋅K

cp = 1.005 kJ/kg⋅K Therefore cv = cp - R =  1.005- 0.287 = 0.718 kJ/kg⋅K

1). For process 1 to 2 which is polytropic process we have

W = \frac{R(T_2-T_1)}{n-1} = \frac{0.287(618.531-310)}{1.3 - 1}= 295.16 kJ/kg

Q =(\frac{n-\gamma}{\gamma - 1} )W = (\frac{1.3-1.4}{1.4-1} ) 295.16 kJ/kg = -73.79 kJ/kg

W = 295.16 kJ/kg

Q = -73.79 kJ/kg

2). For process 2 to 3 which is reversible constant volume heating we have

W = 0 and Q = cv×(T₃ - T₂) = 0.718× (2200-618.531) = 1135.376 kJ/kg

W = 0

Q = 1135.376 kJ/kg

3). For process 3 to 4 which is polytropic process we have

W = \frac{R(T_4-T_3)}{n-1} = Where T₄ is given by  \frac{T_4}{T_3}  = (\frac{v_3}{v_4} )^{n-1} or T₄ = T₃ ×0.1^{0.3}

= 2200 ×0.1^{0.3}  T₄ = 1102.611 K

W =  \frac{0.287(1102.611-2200)}{1.3 - 1}= -1049.835 kJ/kg

and Q = 262.459 kJ/kg

W = -1049.835 kJ/kg

Q = 262.459 kJ/kg

4). For process 4 to 1 which is reversible constant volume cooling we have

W = 0 and Q = cv×(T₁ - T₄) = 0.718×(310 - 1102.611) = -569.09 kJ/kg

W=0

Q = -569.09 kJ/kg

(b) The thermal efficiency is given by

\eta = 1-\frac{T_4-T_1}{T_3-T_2} =1-\frac{1102.611-310}{2200-618.531} = 0.499 or 49.9 % Efficient

(c) The mean effective pressure is given by

p_{m}  = \frac{p_1r[(r^{n-1}-1)(r_p-1)]}{ (n-1)(r-1)}  where r = compression ratio and r_p = \frac{p_3}{p_2}

However p₃ = \frac{p_2T_3}{T_2} =\frac{(19.953)(2200)}{618.531} =70.97 atm

r_p = \frac{p_3}{p_2} = \frac{70.97}{19.953}  = 3.56

Therefore p_m =\frac{1*10*[(10^{0.3}-1)(3.56-1)]}{0.3*9} = 9.44 bar

Please find attached generalized diagrams of the Otto cycle

8 0
2 years ago
A PMMA plate with a 25 mm (width) x 6.5 mm (thickness) cross-section has a contained crack of length 2c = 0.5 mm in the center o
victus00 [196]

Answer:

LAOD = 6669.86 N

Explanation:

Given data:

width= 25 mm = 25\times 10^{-3} m

thickness = 6.5 mm = 6.5\times 10^{-3} m

crack length 2c = 0.5 mm at centre of specimen

\sigma _{applied} =  1000 N/cross sectional area

stress intensity factor  =  k  will be

\sigma_{applied} = \frac{1000}{25\times 10^{-3}\times 6.5\times 10^{-3}}

                   = 6.154\times 10^{6} Pa

we know that

k =\sigma_{applied} (\sqrt{\pi C})

  =6.154\sqrt{\pi (2.5\times 10^{-04})}          [c =0.5/2 = 2.5*10^{-4}]

K = 0.1724 Mpa m^{1/2} for 1000 load

ifK_C = 1.15 Mpa m^{1/2} then load will be

Kc = \sigma _{frac}(\sqrt{\pi C})

1.15 MPa = \sigma _{frac}\times \sqrt{\pi (2.5\times 10^{-04})}

\sigma _{frac} = 41.04 MPa

load = \sigma _{frac}\times Area

load = 41.04 \times 10^6 \times 25\times 10^{-3}\times 6.5\times 10^{-3} N

LAOD = 6669.86 N

3 0
2 years ago
What is CQ Thread Ball Valves​
hodyreva [135]
That is a thread ball valves

8 0
3 years ago
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For an isotropic material, E and ν are often chosen as the two independent engineering constants. There are other elastic consta
pav-90 [236]

Answer:

khgy

Explanation:

nbv

8 0
3 years ago
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