Answer:
This means that Antarctica once had a warmer climate.
Explanation:
Trees usually grow in warm climates, and Antarctica has little to no plant life.
Answer:
Chemical bonds are how atoms, and even molecules join together.
Explanation:
There are two main types of primary chemical bonds. While secondary links relate to molecules, primary ties are atom to atom. This answer explains basic primary bonds only.
One must comprehend what a valence shell is before I proceed. The outer electron orbital of an atom is known as the valence shell. Most of the time (except from hydrogen), atoms desire to have 8 electrons in their valence shell, thus they form bonds with other atoms to accomplish this.
<em>All bonds result in a new chemically different molecule. Now, the two types are:</em>
- Covalent: When two atoms combine their electrons to fill their valence shells. The atoms are joined together by this "sharing."
- Ionic: When one atom <em>transfers</em> an electron to another atom in order to fulfill the valence electron requirement. Because electrons have a negative charge, the atom that <em>produced </em>them gains a positive charge as a result of losing its negative charge. The atom that received the electron therefore acquires a negative charge. Because opposing charges attract, it seems sense that the charged atoms bind as a result.
When a change in PH = 10^-ΔPH
so the change = 10^-3.2
change depends on two factor 0.00063 (10^-3.2)and factor 1585 (10^3.2)depending on the way which the change goes.if PH change from PH=0 to PH= 3.2 so the change is decreasing from concentration from 1 mol to 0.00063 and if PH change from PH = 3.2 to PH=0 so the change is increasing by a factor of 1585.
