Sorry I just need to answer
From sea level to the top of the atmosphere, a column of air with a 1-m2 cross section weighs 101,000 N.
To find the answer we have to know about the pressure.
<h3>
What is Pressure?</h3>
- The pressure at a point on a surface is the thrust acting per unit area around that point.

- A particular mass of air is contained in a column that rises from the ocean to the top of the atmosphere. Then,

Pa is the atmospheric pressure at the sea level.
- By combining both the equations, we get the weight of air,


Thus, we can conclude that, the weight of air in a column 1-m2 in cross section that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere is 101300N.
Learn more about the pressure here:
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Answer:
Therefore the required solution is

Explanation:
Given vibrating system is

Consider U(t) = A cosωt + B sinωt
Differentiating with respect to t
U'(t)= - A ω sinωt +B ω cos ωt
Again differentiating with respect to t
U''(t) = - A ω² cosωt -B ω² sin ωt
Putting this in given equation


Equating the coefficient of sinωt and cos ωt
.........(1)
and

........(2)
Solving equation (1) and (2) by cross multiplication method


and 
Therefore the required solution is

In order to solve this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to intensity and specifically described in Malus's law.
Malus's law warns that

Where,
Angle between the analyzer axis and the polarization axis
Intensity of the light before passing through the polarizer
The intensity of the beam from the first polarizer is equal to the half of the initial intensity

Replacing with our the numerical values we get


Therefore the intensity of the light that emerges from the filter is 