Answer:
Niels Bohr, refined the model of an atom by proposing a quantized shell structure atomic model in order to describe how the electrons are able to maintain stable orbits around the nucleus
Based on the predictions of classical mechanics the electron motion of the Rutherford model was unstable as the electrons where expected to have lost some energy during motion and thus having to come rest in the nucleus
According to the modification by Neils Bohr in 1913, electrons move in shells or orbits of fixed energy and emission of electromagnetic radiation takes place only when electrons changes the orbit in which they move
Explanation:
Part (a) :
H₂(g) + I₂(s) → 2 HI(g)
From given table:
G HI = + 1.3 kJ/mol
G H₂ = 0
G I₂ = 0
ΔG = G(products) - G(reactants) = 2 (1.3) = 2.6 kJ/mol
Part (b):
MnO₂(s) + 2 CO(g) → Mn(s) + 2 CO₂(g)
G MnO₂ = - 465.2
G CO = -137.16
G CO₂ = - 394.39
G Mn = 0
ΔG = G(products) - G(reactants) = (1(0) + 2*-394.39) - (-465.2 + 2*-137.16) = - 49.3 kJ/mol
Part (c):
NH₄Cl(s) → NH₃(g) + HCl(g)
ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS
ΔG = (H(products) - H(reactants)) - 298 * (S(products) - S(reactants))
= (-92.31 - 45.94) - (-314.4) - (298 k) * (192.3 + 186.8 - 94.6) J/K
= 176.15 kJ - 84.78 kJ = 91.38 kJ
The answer is B
Explanation:
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