Hi there!
Typically volcanoes are found alongside tectonic plate boundaries and in that sense could be considered a pattern. One of the most famous is 'The Ring of Fire' which is a ring of volcanoes in the pacific ocean along the pacific plate boundary.
Answer:

Explanation:
Assuming the we have to find ratio maximum forces on the mass in each case
we know that in a spring mass system
F= Kx
K= spring constant
x= spring displacement
Case 1:

case 2:

therefore, 

Answer:
Transverse
Explanation:
Transverse wave, motion in which all points on a wave oscillate along paths at right angles to the direction of the wave's advance. Surface ripples on water, seismic S (secondary) waves, and electromagnetic (e.g., radio and light) waves are examples of transverse waves
Explanation:
there is no relationship between small mass and the bigger mass, but it can be related with the acceleration. Since Force is constant, acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass. Greater the mass, lesser is the acceleration and vise versa