Answer:
Element Z
Explanation:
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Answer and Explanation:
At constant pressure and constant temperature, the Gibbs free energy of a process is given by the following equation:
ΔG= ΔH - T ΔS
The process is spontaneous when ΔG<0. For this, there are four alternatives depending on the signs of ΔH and ΔS and the temperature (T):
1) ΔH negative, ΔS positive ⇒ b)The reaction will be spontaneous at all temperatures.
ΔG= (-H) - T (+S) ⇒ ΔG<0 always
2) ΔH positive, ΔS negative ⇒ c)The reaction will be nonspontaneous at all temperatures.
ΔG= (+H) - T (-S) ⇒ ΔG>0 always
3) ΔH negative, ΔS negative ⇒ d)The reaction will be spontaneous at low temperature, but nonspontaneous at high temperature.
ΔG= (-H) - T (-S) ⇒ ΔG<0 if TΔS is lower than ΔH, because is the positive term
4)ΔH positive, ΔS positive ⇒ a)The reaction will be nonspontaneous at low temperature, but spontaneous at high temperature.
ΔG= (+H) - T (+S) ⇒ ΔG<0 if TΔS higher than ΔH because is the negative term
Answer:
1. the effects of punishment.
Explanation:
Stanley Milgram (1933 - 1984) was a graduate American psychologist at Yale University who conducted the Little Worlds Experience (the source of the concept of the six degrees of separation) and the Milgram Experience on obedience to authority.
Milgram was interested in researching how far people would go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming another person.
The study aimed to observe how easily ordinary people could be influenced into committing atrocities.
The electrons fill energy levels from the lowest available energy level, based of three typical rules.
1) Follow Aufbau rule: fill from lower to higher energy levels (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p)
2) Pauly exclusion principle: two electrons can not have the same four quantum numbers
3) Hund rule: if the orbitals have the same energy, the electrons must go to different orbitals before two occupies the same orbital.
