What are the concentrations of hydroxide and hydronium ions in a solution with a pH of 8.3?
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<u>Answer:</u> The excess reagent for the given chemical reaction is calcium hydroxide and the amount left after the completion of reaction is 0.115375 moles. The amount of calcium chloride formed in the reaction is 1.068 grams.
<u>Explanation:</u>
- To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
....(1)
<u>For calcium hydroxide:</u>
Given mass of calcium hydroxide = 9.27 g
Molar mass of calcium hydroxide = 74.093 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
- To calculate the moles of a solute, we use the equation:
We are given:
Volume of hydrochloric acid = 38.5mL = 0.0385 L (Conversion factor: 1 L = 1000 mL)
Molarity of the solution = 0.500 moles/ L
Putting values in above equation, we get:
- For the given chemical equation:
Here, the solid salt is calcium chloride.
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of hydrochloric acid reacts with 1 mole of calcium hydroxide.
So, 0.01925 moles of hydrochloric acid will react with = of calcium hydroxide.
As, given amount of calcium hydroxide is more than the required amount. So, it is considered as an excess reagent.
Thus, hydrochloric acid is considered as a limiting reagent because it limits the formation of product.
- Amount of excess reagent (calcium hydroxide) left = 0.125 - 0.01925 = 0.115375 moles
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
2 moles of hydrochloric acid produces 1 mole of calcium chloride.
So, 0.01925 moles of hydrochloric acid will produce = of calcium chloride.
Now, calculating the mass of calcium chloride from equation 1, we get:
Molar mass of calcium chloride = 110.98 g/mol
Moles of calcium chloride = 0.009625 moles
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
Hence, the excess reagent for the given chemical reaction is calcium hydroxide and the amount left after the completion of reaction is 0.115375 moles. The amount of calcium chloride formed in the reaction is 1.068 grams.