Answer:
electron-electron repulsion
Explanation:
When electrons add into valence shell of neutral elements, the element assumes a negative oxidation state. With this, the number of electrons having (-) charges will be larger than the number of protons having positive (+) charges. As a result, the extra electrons repel one another (i.e., like charges repel) and a larger radius is the result.
In contrast, when cations are formed, electrons are removed from the valence level (oxidation) producing an element having a greater number of protons than electrons. The larger number of protons will function to attract the electron cloud with a greater force that results in a contraction of atomic radius and a smaller spherical volume than the neutral unionized element.
To visualize, see attached chart that shows atomic and ionic radii before and after ionization of the elements.
Answer:
A and D are true , while B and F statements are false.
Explanation:
A) True. Since the standard gibbs free energy is
ΔG = ΔG⁰ + RT*ln Q
where Q= [P1]ᵃ.../([R1]ᵇ...) , representing the ratio of the product of concentration of chemical reaction products P and the product of concentration of chemical reaction reactants R
when the system reaches equilibrium ΔG=0 and Q=Keq
0 = ΔG⁰ + RT*ln Q → ΔG⁰ = (-RT*ln Keq)
therefore the first equation also can be expressed as
ΔG = RT*ln (Q/Keq)
thus the standard gibbs free energy can be determined using Keq
B) False. ΔG⁰ represents the change of free energy under standard conditions . Nevertheless , it will give us a clue about the ΔG around the standard conditions .For example if ΔG⁰>>0 then is likely that ΔG>0 ( from the first equation) if the temperature or concentration changes are not very distant from the standard conditions
C) False. From the equation presented
ΔG⁰ = (-RT*ln Keq)
ΔG⁰>0 if Keq<1 and ΔG⁰<0 if Keq>1
for example, for a reversible reaction ΔG⁰ will be <0 for forward or reverse reaction and the ΔG⁰ will be >0 for the other one ( reverse or forward reaction)
D) True. Standard conditions refer to
T= 298 K
pH= 7
P= 1 atm
C= 1 M for all reactants
Water = 55.6 M
Answer:
what is the baby flowers color?
Explanation:
if the baby flower is purple the parents were purple
<u>Answer:</u>
<u>For a:</u> The standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction is -347.4 kJ
<u>For b:</u> The standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction is 746.91 kJ
<u>Explanation:</u>
Relationship between standard Gibbs free energy and standard electrode potential follows:
............(1)
The given chemical equation follows:

<u>Oxidation half reaction:</u>
( × 2)
<u>Reduction half reaction:</u> 
We are given:

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

Hence, the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction is -347.4 kJ
The given chemical equation follows:

<u>Oxidation half reaction:</u>
( × 6)
<u>Reduction half reaction:</u> 
We are given:

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

Hence, the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction is 746.91 kJ
Answer: Avogadro's Law
Explanation: It states that the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas at constant pressure and temperature of the gas.