Answer:
When the two atoms move towards each other a compound is formed by sharing electron pairs supplied by each of the atoms to enable them have the stable 8 (octet) valency electrons in their outermost shell
Explanation:
The electronic configuration of the given element can be written as follows;
1s²2s²2p⁴
The given electronic configuration is equivalent to that of oxygen, therefore, we have;
The number of electrons in the valence shell = 2 + 4 = 6 electrons
Therefore, each atom requires 2 electrons to complete its 8 (octet) electrons in the outermost shell
When the two atoms move towards each other, they react and combine to form a compound by sharing 4 electrons, 2 from each atom, such that each atom can have an extra 2 electrons in its outermost orbit in the newly formed compound and the stable octet configuration is attained by each of the atoms in the newly formed compound.
Mole is mass (g) / Molar mass (mole/gram)
So to find mass in gram multiply the no.mole by Molar mass
Answer:
d. is the hydrostatic pressure produced on the surface of a semi-permeable membrane by osmosis.
Explanation:
Osmosis -
It is the flow of the molecules of solvent from a region of higher concentration towards the region of lower concentration via a semipermeable membrane , is known as osmosis.
Osmotic pressure -
It refers to the minimum amount of pressure , which is required to be applied to the solution in order to avoid the flow of pure solvent via the semipermeable membrane , is referred to as osmotic pressure.
Or in simple terms ,
Osmotic pressure is the pressure applied to resists the process of osmosis.
Hence ,
From the given options in the question,
The correct option regarding osmotic pressure is d.
Answer: After three half-lives 1/8 (12.5%) of the original sample remains
Electronegativity is the strength an atom has to attract a bonding pair of electrons to itself. When a chlorine atom covalently bonds to another chlorine atom, the shared electron pair is shared equally. The electron density that comprises the covalent bond is located halfway between the two atoms.
But what happens when the two atoms involved in a bond aren’t the same? The two positively charged nuclei have different attractive forces; they “pull” on the electron pair to different degrees. The end result is that the electron pair is shifted toward one atom.
ATTRACTING ELECTRONS: ELECTRONEGATIVITIES
The larger the value of the electronegativity, the greater the atom’s strength to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The following figure shows the electronegativity values of the various elements below each element symbol on the periodic table. With a few exceptions, the electronegativities increase, from left to right, in a period, and decrease, from top to bottom, in a family.
Electronegativities give information about what will happen to the bonding pair of electrons when two atoms bond. A bond in which the electron pair is equally shared is called a nonpolar covalent bond. You have a nonpolar covalent bond anytime the two atoms involved in the bond are the same or anytime the difference in the electronegativities of the atoms involved in the bond is very small.

Now consider hydrogen chloride (HCl). Hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.1, and chlorine has an electronegativity of 3.0. The electron pair that is bonding HCl together shifts toward the chlorine atom because it has a larger electronegativity value.
A bond in which the electron pair is shifted toward one atom is called a polar covalent bond. The atom that more strongly attracts the bonding electron pair is slightly more negative, while the other atom is slightly more positive. The larger the difference in the electronegativities, the more negative and positive the atoms become.
Now look at a case in which the two atoms have extremely different electronegativities — sodium chloride (NaCl). Sodium chloride is ionically bonded. An electron has transferred from sodium to chlorine. Sodium has an electronegativity of 1.0, and chlorine has an electronegativity of 3.0.
That’s an electronegativity difference of 2.0 (3.0 – 1.0), making the bond between the two atoms very, very polar. In fact, the electronegativity difference provides another way of predicting the kind of bond that will form between two elements, as indicated in the following table.
Electronegativity DifferenceType of Bond Formed0.0 to 0.2nonpolar covalent0.3 to 1.4polar covalent> 1.5ionic
The presence of a polar covalent bond in a molecule can
Divide
