What is noise definition in physics<br><br>

A light aircraft with a wing area of 200 ft^2 and a weight of 2000 lb has a lift coefficient of 0.39 and a drag coefficient of 0

Gnoma [55]

Answer: power required to maintain level flight=82.20hp

Explanation:

Given

Area = 200 ft^2

Weight = 2000 lb

Cl( Lift coefficient)= 0.39

Cd( Drag coefficient) = 0.06

The density ρ of air at standard atmospheric pressure = 2.38 X 10^-3 slugs/ft^3

For Equilibrium to be maintained during flight conditions, the lift force must be balanced by the weight of the aircraft such that

Lift force = Weight of aircraft

(1/2)ρAU²Cl= W

1/2X 2.38 X 10^-3 X 200 X U² X 0.39 = 2000

U²= 2000 X 2 / 2.38 X 10^-3 X 200 X 0.39

U= $\sqrt{21,547.08}$

Velocity, U= 146.7892ft/s

Drag force of the velocity can be deduced from the formulae

Cd= Drag force(D) /1/2 ρU²A

Drag force=1/2 ρU²ACd

D=1/2 x (2.38 X 10^-3 slugs/ft^3) x (146.7892ft/s)² x 200 ft^2 x 0.06

D=307.69

Drag force= 308lb

power required to maintain level flight is given as

P = Drag force x Velocity = D x U

=308lb X 146.7892ft/s

=45,211.0736lb.ft/s

Changing to hp we have that

1 Horsepower, hp = 550 ft lbf/s

??=45,211.0736lb.ft/s

45,211.0736lb.ft/s/ 550 ft lbf/s= 82.20hp

6 0

3 years ago

A steel bar is 150 mm square and has a hot-rolled finish. It will be used in a fully reversed bending application. Sut for the s

Xelga [282]

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Given The bar is square and has a hot-rolled finish. The loading is fully reversed bending.

Tensile Strength

Sut: 600 MPa

Maximum temperature

Tmax: 500 °C

Bar side dimension

b: 150 mm

Alternating stress

σa: 100 MPa

Reliability

R: 0.999 Note 1.

Assumptions Infinite life is required and is obtainable since this ductile steel will have an endurance limit. A reliability factor of 99.9% will be used.

Solution See Excel file Ex06-01.xls.

1 Since no endurance-limit or fatigue strength information is given, we will estimate S'e based on the ultimate tensile strength using equation 6.5a.

S'e: 300 MPa = 0.5 * Sut

2 The loading is bending so the load factor from equation 6.7a is

Cload: 1

3 The part size is greater than the test specimen and the part is not round, so an equivalent diameter based on its 95% stressed area must be determined and used to find the size factor. For a rectangular section in nonrotating bending, the A95 area is defined in Figure 6-25c and the equivalent diameter is found from equation 6.7d

A95: 1125 mm2 = 0.05 * b * b Note 2.

dequiv: 121.2 mm = SQRT(A95val / 0.0766)

and the size factor is found for this equivalent diameter from equation 6.7b, to be

Csize: 0.747 = 1.189 * dequiv^-0.097

4 The surface factor is found from equation 6.7e and the data in Table 6-3 for the specified hot-rolled finish.

Table 6-3 constants

A: 57.7

b: -0.718 Note 3.

Csurf: 0.584 = Acoeff * Sut^bCoeff

5 The temperature factor is found from equation 6.7f :

Ctemp: 0.710 = 1 - 0.0058 * (Tmax - 450)

6 The reliability factor is taken from Table 6-4 for R = 0.999 and is

Creliab: 0.753

7 The corrected endurance limit Se can now be calculated from equation 6.6:

Se: 69.94 MPa = Cload * Csize * Csurf * Ctemp *

Creliab * Sprme

Let

Se: 70 MPa

8 To create the S-N diagram, we also need a value for the estimated strength Sm at 103 cycles based on equation 6.9 for bending loading.

Sm: 540 MPa = 0.9 * Sut

9 The estimated S-N diagram is shown in Figure 6-34 with the above values of Sm and Se. The expressions of the two lines are found from equations 6.10a through 6.10c assuming that Se begins at 106 cycles.

b: -0.2958 Note 4.

a: 4165.7

Plotting Sn as a function of N from equation 6.10a

N Sn (MPa)

1000 540 =aa*B73^bb

2000 440

4000 358

8000 292

16000 238

32000 194

64000 158

128000 129

256000 105

512000 85

1000000 70

FIGURE 6-34. S-N Diagram and Alternating Stress Line Showing Failure Point

10 The number of cycles of life for any alternating stress level can now be found from equation 6.10a by replacing σa for Sn.

At N = 103 cycles,

Sn3: 540 MPa = aa * 1000^bb

At N = 106 cycles,

Sn6: 70 MPa = aa * 1000000^bb

The figure above shows the intersection of the alternating stress line (σa = 100 MPa) with the failure line at N = 3.0 x 105 cycles.

8 0

3 years ago

Briefly explain how each of the following influences the tensile modulus of a semicrystalline polymer and why:(a) molecular weig

marin [14]

Answer:

(a) Increases

(b) Increases

(c) Increases

(d) Increases

(e) Decreases

Explanation:

The tensile modulus of a semi-crystalline polymer depends on the given factors as:

(a) Molecular Weight:

It increases with the increase in the molecular weight of the polymer.

(b) Degree of crystallinity:

Tensile strength of the semi-crystalline polymer increases with the increase in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer.

(c) Deformation by drawing:

The deformation by drawing in the polymer results in the finely oriented chain structure of the polymer with the greater inter chain secondary bonding structure resulting in the increase in the tensile strength of the polymer.

(d) Annealing of an undeformed material:

This also results in an increase in the tensile strength of the material.

(e) Annealing of a drawn material:

A semi crystalline material which is drawn when annealed results in the decreased tensile strength of the material.

5 0

3 years ago

Write a program that uses a function called Output_Array_Info. Output_Array_Info Properties: Input Parameters: 1. A pointer to a

Artyom0805 [142]

Answer:

C++ code explained below

Explanation:

Please note the below program has been tested on ubuntu 16.04 system and compiled using g++ compiler. This code will also work on other IDE's

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Program:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

//header files

#include<iostream>

//namespace

using namespace std;

//function defintion

void Output_Array_Info(int *array_ptr, int size)

{

//display all array elements

cout<<"Array elements are: "<<endl;

for(int i =0; i<size; i++)

{

cout<<*(array_ptr+i)<<endl;

}

//display address of each element

cout<<endl<<"memory address of each array elemnt is: "<<endl;

for(int i =0; i<size; i++)

{

cout<<array_ptr+i<<endl;

}

//start of main function

int main()

{

//pointer variables

int *pointer;

//an array

int numbers[] = { 5, 7, 9, 10, 12};

//pointer pointing to array

pointer = numbers;

//calculate the size of the array

int size = sizeof(numbers)/sizeof(int);

//call to function

Output_Array_Info(numbers, size);

return 0;

}

//end of the main program

8 0

3 years ago

A small metal particle passes downward through a fluid medium while being subjected to the attraction of a magnetic field such t

bekas [8.4K]

Answer:

a)Δs = 834 mm

b)V=1122 mm/s

$a=450\ mm/s^2$

Explanation:

Given that

$s = 15t^3 - 3t\ mm$

a)

When t= 2 s

$s = 15t^3 - 3t\ mm$

$s = 15\times 2^3 - 3\times 2\ mm$

s= 114 mm

At t= 4 s

$s = 15t^3 - 3t\ mm$

$s = 15\times 4^3- 3\times 4\ mm$

s= 948 mm

So the displacement between 2 s to 4 s

Δs = 948 - 114 mm

Δs = 834 mm

b)

We know that velocity V

$V=\dfrac{ds}{dt}$

$\dfrac{ds}{dt}=45t^2-3$

At t= 5 s

$V=45t^2-3$

$V=45\times 5^2-3$

V=1122 mm/s

We know that acceleration a

$a=\dfrac{d^2s}{dt^2}$

$\dfrac{d^2s}{dt^2}=90t$

a= 90 t

a = 90 x 5

$a=450\ mm/s^2$

4 0

3 years ago

What is noise definition in physics​

What is noise definition in physics