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Shkiper50 [21]
3 years ago
6

Briefly explain how each of the following influences the tensile modulus of a semicrystalline polymer and why:(a) molecular weig

ht(b) degree of crystallinity(:1 deformation by drawing(d) annealing ofan undefonned material(e) annealing of a drawn material
Engineering
1 answer:
marin [14]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

(a) Increases

(b) Increases

(c) Increases

(d) Increases

(e) Decreases

Explanation:

The tensile modulus of a semi-crystalline polymer depends on the given factors as:

(a) Molecular Weight:

It increases with the increase in the molecular weight of the polymer.

(b) Degree of crystallinity:

Tensile strength of the semi-crystalline polymer increases with the increase in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer.

(c) Deformation by drawing:

The deformation by drawing in the polymer results in the finely oriented chain structure of the polymer with the greater inter chain secondary bonding structure resulting in the increase in the tensile strength of the polymer.

(d) Annealing of an undeformed material:

This also results in an increase in the tensile strength of the material.

(e) Annealing of  a drawn material:

A semi crystalline material which is drawn when annealed results in the decreased tensile strength of the material.

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IrinaVladis [17]

Answer:

2165800 Pa

Explanation:

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3 0
3 years ago
The state of plane strain on an element is:
balu736 [363]

Answer:

a. ε₁=-0.000317

   ε₂=0.000017

θ₁= -13.28° and  θ₂=76.72°  

b. maximum in-plane shear strain =3.335 *10^-4

Associated average normal strain ε(avg) =150 *10^-6

θ = 31.71 or -58.29

Explanation:

\epsilon _{1,2} =\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2}  \pm \sqrt{(\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2} )^2 + (\frac{\gamma_xy}{2})^2} \\\\\epsilon _{1,2} =\frac{-300 \times 10^{-6} + 0}{2}  \pm \sqrt{(\frac{-300 \times 10^{-6}+ 0}{2}) ^2 + (\frac{150 \times 10^-6}{2})^2}\\\\\epsilon _{1,2} = -150 \times 10^{-6}  \pm 1.67 \times 10^{-4}

ε₁=-0.000317

ε₂=0.000017

To determine the orientation of ε₁ and ε₂

tan 2 \theta_p = \frac{\gamma_xy}{\epsilon_x - \epsilon_y} \\\\tan 2 \theta_p = \frac{150 \times 10^{-6}}{-300 \times 10^{-6}-\ 0}\\\\tan 2 \theta_p = -0.5

θ= -13.28° and  76.72°

To determine the direction of ε₁ and ε₂

\epsilon _{x' }=\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2}  + \frac{\epsilon_x -\epsilon_y}{2} cos2\theta  + \frac{\gamma_xy}{2}sin2\theta \\\\\epsilon _{x'} =\frac{-300 \times 10^{-6}+ \ 0}{2}  + \frac{-300 \times 10^{-6} -\ 0}{2} cos(-26.56)  + \frac{150 \times 10^{-6}}{2}sin(-26.56)\\\\

=-0.000284 -0.0000335 = -0.000317 =ε₁

Therefore θ₁= -13.28° and  θ₂=76.72°  

b. maximum in-plane shear strain

\gamma_{max \ in \ plane} =2\sqrt{(\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2} )^2 + (\frac{\gamma_xy}{2})^2} \\\\\gamma_{max \ in \ plane} = 2\sqrt{(\frac{-300 *10^{-6} + 0}{2} )^2 + (\frac{150 *10^{-6}}{2})^2}

=3.335 *10^-4

\epsilon_{avg} =(\frac{\epsilon_x + \epsilon_y}{2} )

ε(avg) =150 *10^-6

orientation of γmax

tan 2 \theta_s = \frac{-(\epsilon_x - \epsilon_y)}{\gamma_xy} \\\\tan 2 \theta_s = \frac{-(-300*10^{-6} - 0)}{150*10^{-6}}

θ = 31.71 or -58.29

To determine the direction of γmax

\gamma _{x'y' }=  - \frac{\epsilon_x -\epsilon_y}{2} sin2\theta  + \frac{\gamma_xy}{2}cos2\theta \\\\\gamma _{x'y' }=  - \frac{-300*10^{-6} - \ 0}{2} sin(63.42)  + \frac{150*10^{-6}}{2}cos(63.42)

= 1.67 *10^-4

4 0
3 years ago
Identify factors that can cause a process to become out of control. Give several examples of such factors.
Oliga [24]

Answer:

Explained

Explanation:

This situation can occur because of various factors such as:

  • Gradual deterioration of lubrication and coolant.
  • change of environmental condition such as temperature, humidity, moisture, etc.
  • Change in the properties of incoming raw material
  • An increase or decrease in the temperature of the heat treating operation
  • Debris interfering with the manufacturing process.
4 0
3 years ago
A person walks into a refrigerated warehouse with head uncovered. Model the head as a 25- cm diameter sphere at 35°C with a surf
galina1969 [7]

Answer:

Hello some parts of your question is missing below is the missing part

Convection coefficient = 11 w/m^2. °c

answer : 44.83 watts

Explanation:

Given data :

surface emissivity ( ε )= 0.95

head ( sphere) diameter( D )  = 0.25 m

Temperature of sphere( T )  = 35° C

Temperature of surrounding ( T∞ )  = 25°C

Temperature of surrounding surface ( Ts ) = 15°C

б  = ( 5.67 * 10^-8 )

Determine the total rate of heat loss

First we calculate the surface area of the sphere

As = \pi D^{2}  

= \pi * 0.25^2 =  0.2 m^2

next we calculate heat loss due to radiation

Qrad = ε * б * As( T^{4} - T^{4} _{s} )  ---- ( 1 )

where ;

ε = 0.95

б = ( 5.67 * 10^-8 )

As = 0.2 m^2

T = 35 + 273 = 308 k

Ts = 15 + 273 = 288 k

input values into equation 1

Qrad = 0.95 * ( 5.67 * 10^-8 ) * 0.2 ( (308)^4 - ( 288)^4 )

         = 22.83  watts

Qrad ( heat loss due to radiation ) = 22.83 watts

calculate the heat loss due to convection

Qconv = h* As ( ΔT )

           = 11*0.2 ( 35 -25 )  = 22 watts

Hence total rate of heat loss

=  22 + 22.83

= 44.83 watts

5 0
3 years ago
Need help solving math problem using integration
notka56 [123]
Ummm did you try to add or subtract and multiply or divide that can get your answer
8 0
2 years ago
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