Answer:

Explanation:
The torque of a force is given by:

where
F is the magnitude of the force
d is the distance between the point of application of the force and the centre of rotation of the system
is the angle between the direction of the force and d
In this problem, we have:
, the force
, the distance of application of the force from the centre (0,0)
, the angle between the direction of the force and a
Therefore, the torque is

Answer:
The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction
Explanation:
Refraction occurs when a light wave passes through the boundary between two mediums.
When a ray of light is refracted, it changes speed and direction, according to Snell's Law:
where
:
is the index of refraction of the 1st medium
is the index of refraction of the 2nd medium
is the angle of incidence (the angle between the incident ray and the normal to the boundary)
is the angle of refraction (the angle between the refracted ray and the normal to the boundary)
In this problem, we have a ray of light passing from air into clear plastic. We have:
(index of refraction of air)
approx. (index of refraction in clear plastic)
Snell's Law can be rewritten as

And since
, we have

And so

Which means that
The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction
Answer:



Explanation:
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 
= Angle of slope = 
v = Velocity of child at the bottom of the slide
= Coefficient of kinetic friction
= Coefficient of static friction
h = Height of slope = 1.8 m
The energy balance of the system is given by

The speed of the child at the bottom of the slide is 
Length of the slide is given by


The force energy balance of the system is given by

The coefficient of kinetic friction is
.
For static friction

So, the minimum possible value for the coefficient of static friction is
.