Inevitable manufacturing imperfections in optical fiber leads to birefringence, which is one cause of pulse broadening in fiber-optic communications. Such imperfections can be geometrical (lack of circular symmetry), due to stress applied to the optical fiber and/or due to bending of the fiber.
Explanation:
The given data is:
The half-life of gentamicin is 1.5 hrs.
The reaction follows first-order kinetics.
The initial concentration of the reactants is 8.4 x 10-5 M.
The concentration of reactant after 8 hrs can be calculated as shown below:
The formula of the half-life of the first-order reaction is:

Where k = rate constant
t1/2=half-life
So, the rate constant k value is:

The expression for the rate constant is :

Substitute the given values and the k value in this formula to get the concentration of the reactant after time 8 hrs is shown below:

Answer: The concentration of reactant remains after 8 hours is 2.09x10^-6M.
This is a basic orbital diagram for carbon
Answer:
a.) 22.4 L Ne.
Explanation:
It is known that every 1.0 mol of any gas occupies 22.4 L.
For the options:
<em>It represents </em><em>1.0 mol of Ne.</em>
<em />
using cross multiplication:
1.0 mol occupies → 22.4 L.
??? mol occupies → 20 L.
The no. of moles of (20 L) Ar = (1.0 mol)(20 L)/(22.4 L) = 0.8929 mol.
using cross multiplication:
1.0 mol occupies → 22.4 L.
??? mol occupies → 2.24 L.
<em>The no. of moles of (2.24 L) Xe </em>= (1.0 mol)(2.24 L)/(22.4 L) = <em>0.1 mol.</em>
- So, the gas that has the largest number of moles at STP is: a.) 22.4 L Ne.
Explanation:
The equation is given as;
N2O(g) ⇄ N2(g) + O(g)
k₁ = Forward reaction
k₋₁ = Reverse Reaction
Equilibrium concentration (K) = k₁ / k₋₁
![K = \frac{[N2O] }{[N2] [ O]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BN2O%5D%20%7D%7B%5BN2%5D%20%5B%20O%5D%7D)