Answer:
10⁴¹ s quark top lives have been in the history of the universe.
Explanation:
You need to determine how many quark top lives there have been in the history of the universe, that is, what is the age of the universe divided by the lifetime of a top quark. Expressed in a formula, this is:

Yo know that the "Age of the universe" is 100,000,000,000,000,000 which can also be expressed as 10¹⁷ s
.
You also know that the "Lifetime of a top quark" is 0.000000000000000000000001 which can also be expressed as 10⁻²⁴ s.
Then 
Recalling that the result of dividing two powers of the same base is another power with the same base where the exponent is the subtraction of the initial exponents, it is possible to calculate this division as follows:


<u><em>t=10⁴¹ s</em></u>
So <u><em>10⁴¹ s quark top lives have been in the history of the universe.</em></u>
High specific heat of the water. Option (c)
What is Specific heat?
The amount of heat required to increase the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius is referred to as the substance's specific heat. Typically, calories or joules are used per gram and degree Celsius when referring to the units of specific heat.
The moderate temperature of islands has much to do with the water's high specific heat. The typical off-water is more significant than this clear land or soil. Due to this fact, water absorbs and releases eat more slowly. In comparison to the land.
Hence, the water has high specific heat.
To learn more about specific heat the link is given below:
brainly.com/question/12982780?
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Answer:
The structure of Germanium crystals will be destroyed at higher temperature. However, Silicon crystals are not easily damaged by excess heat. Peak Inverse Voltage ratings of Silicon diodes are greater than Germanium diodes. Si is less expensive due to the greater abundance of element.