Cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are part of almost all major cellular signaling pathways. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that regulate the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP. Protein kinase A or cAMP-dependent protein kinase mediates most cAMP effects in the cell. Over the last 25 years, various components of this group of molecules have been involved in human diseases, both genetic and acquired. Lately, the PDEs attract more attention. The pharmacological exploitation of the PDE’s ability to regulate cGMP and cAMP, and through them, a variety of signaling pathways, has led to a number of new drugs for diverse applications from the treatment of erectile dysfunction to heart failure, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We present the abstracts (available online) and selected articles from the proceedings of a meeting that took place at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, June 8–10, 2011.
If the forward reaction goes close to completion and has a high yield, that means the concentration of products will be higher than the concentration of reactants.
<span>So if the concentration of products is higher, Kc (equilibrium constant) will be greater than 1.
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Recall the calculation for the equilibrium constant for reaction. Picture below might help you.</span>
Answer:
they are both equal
Explanation:
if you don't know don't guess troll the teacher you will get it wrong anyway
Answer:
The answer is B. H2SO4/Na2SO4
Explanation:
Answer:
First option:
[NH3]2 / [N2][H2]3
Explanation:
First of all we need to determine the reaction:
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)
1 mol of nitrogen can combine with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia.
Remember that Kc has to involve Molar concentrations of products / reactants
Concentration must be elevated to the stoichiometry coefficient
Kc for the reaction is: [NH₃]² / [N₂] . [H₂]³
