Answer:

Explanation:
We know,
..............(1)
where,
η = Efficiency of the engine
T₁ = Initial Temperature
T₂ = Final Temperature
Q₁ = Heat available initially
Q₂ = Heat after reaching the temperature T₂
Given:
η =0.280
T₁ = 3.50×10² °C = 350°C = 350+273 = 623K
Q₁ = 3.78 × 10³ J
Substituting the values in the equation (1) we get

or

or

⇒ 
Now,
The entropy change (
) is given as:

or

substituting the values in the above equation we get


The photon energy is the light frequency times Planck's constant. ... Planck's constant is usually called "h". Its value is about 6.626*10^-34 Joules/ Hz. A Joule is a unit of energy, and a Hertz is a unit of frequency, so when you multiply a frequency by h you get an energy.
Answer:
Decreases
Explanation:
Gauss's law states that the flux of the electric field through a closed surface is equal to the quotient between the charge inside that surface divided by the permittivity of free space:

Therefore, the magnitude of the electric field is inversely proportional to the area, the area is directly proportional to the radius. So, as the radius of the Gaussian surface increases, the magnitude of the electric field at the surface decreases.