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elena-s [515]
2 years ago
11

Calcule la formula empírica de la sustancia está compuesta por 18,4% de carbono 21,5% de nitrógeno y 60,1% de potasio

Chemistry
1 answer:
n200080 [17]2 years ago
6 0

Answer:

La fórmula empírica es C₂N₂K₅

Explanation:

La fórmula empírica es la expresión más sencilla para representar un compuesto químico e indica los elementos que están presentes y la proporción mínima en números enteros que hay entre sus átomos. A esta fórmula se le conoce también como “fórmula mínima” .

En otras palabras, la fórmula empírica muestra la proporción entre los átomos de un compuesto químico.

Si supones que tenes 100 gramos del compuesto, los porcentajes en masa indicarán los gramos de cada elemento en esos 100 gramos. Si la sustancia está compuesta por 18,4% de carbono, 21,5% de nitrógeno y 60,1% de potasio, entonce habrá 18,4 g de carbono, 21,5 g de nitrógeno y 60,1 g de potasio

Para la obtención de la fórmula empírica entonces, teniendo en cuenta la masa molecular de cada sustancia, en primer lugar se calcula el número de moles relativos de cada elemento químico:

C: 18.4 g/12 g/mol = 1.5 moles

N: 21.5 g/14 g/mol = 1.5 moles

K: 60.1 g/16 g/mol = 3.75 moles

De esta manera hallas la relación entre el número de moles de los distintos elementos, pero no estará expresada en forma de números enteros y sencillos. Para expresar la relación anterior en forma de números enteros y sencillos, divides el número de moles de cada elemento entre el número de moles menor de todos ellos.

C =  1.5 moles/ 1.5 moles = 1

N =  1.5 moles/ 1.5 moles = 1

K =  3.75 moles/ 1.5 moles = 2.5

Si no se obtiene una relación de números enteros, debes multiplicar por un número sencillo para conseguirlo. En este caso, multiplicando por dos obtienes:

C= 2

N= 2

K= 5

<u><em>La fórmula empírica es C₂N₂K₅</em></u>

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