It is an imaginary transformer which has no core loss, no ohmic resistance and no leakage flux. The ideal transformer has the following important characteristic. The resistance of their primary and secondary winding becomes zero. The core of the ideal transformer has infinite permeability.
Answer:

Explanation:
according to snell's law

refractive index of water n_w is 1.33
refractive index of glass n_g is 1.5


now applying snell's law between air and glass, so we have


![\beta = sin^{-1} [\frac{n_g}{n_a}*sin\alpha]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cbeta%20%3D%20sin%5E%7B-1%7D%20%5B%5Cfrac%7Bn_g%7D%7Bn_a%7D%2Asin%5Calpha%5D)
we know that 

Answer:
The ratio is 
Explanation:
The diagram for this question is shown on the first uploaded image
Here we are assume the acceleration of the train is a
which makes the acceleration of each car a
From the question we are told that
Considering the second car
The force causing it s movement is mathematically represented as

Considering the first car
The force causing it s movement is mathematically represented as

=> 
=> 
=> 
=> 