A 4.0 L container holds a sample of hydrogen gas at 306 K and 150 kPa. If the pressure increases to 300 kPa and the volume remai
1 answer:
You might be interested in
<u>Answer: </u>The correct statement is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.
<u>Explanation:</u>
We are given that:
X = number of protons − number of core electrons
Effective nuclear charge is defined as the actual nuclear charge (Z = number of protons) minus the screening effect caused by the electrons present between nucleus and valence electrons. These electrons are the core electrons.
The formula used for the calculation of effective nuclear charge given by Slater is:
where,
= effective nuclear charge
Z = atomic number or actual nuclear charge or number of protons
= Screening constant
The effective nuclear charge increases as we go from left to right in a period because nuclear charge increases with no effective increase in screening constant.
Hence, the correct answer is X is the effective nuclear charge, and it increases across a period.
<em>The bond between Na + and Cl- ions is an ionic bond</em>
<em>To achieve stability, atoms with low ionization energy such as Na atoms will release electrons and bind to atoms with high-affinity energy such as Cl atoms</em>
Atoms have different stability. Unstable atomic atoms will try to form stable electron configurations like those of noble gases. Where noble gases have the number of outer electrons 2 or 8
The formation of electron configurations such as noble gases can be done by forming shared ions or electron pairs
Atoms with high ionization energy and atoms that are difficult to draw electrons will form bonds with shared electron pairs (electrons can be from one atom or two atoms attached)
In forming ions, atoms will release or attract electrons
Ion bonds occur because atoms that have low ionization energy (easily release electrons) form a + ion, and these electrons are bound by atoms that have large affinity energy (easily pulling electrons)
Generally, ionic bonds occur in metal and nonmetallic elements. Metal elements have low ionization energy and non-metallic elements have a high electron affinity
In Na atoms, to achieve stability, Na will release one electron so that it has an electron configuration like noble gas Ne
Na: 2 8 1
Ne: 2 8
so that it becomes a Na + ion
While the Cl atom will bind one electron, so it has an electron configuration like noble gas Ar
Cl: 2 8 7
Ar: 2 8 8
So that it becomes a Cl- ion
Finally, there will be an attractive attraction between positive ions and negative ions and NaCl is formed
So the bond between Na + and Cl- ions is an ionic bond
the octet rule
a noble gas
ionic bonds and covalent bonds
Keywords: ionic and covalent bonds, the octet rule, noble gases, electron configurations