If all of the bonding electrons in a molecule are bonded in two-hybrid sp orbitals are likely to have a linear shape.
<h3>What are sp orbitals?</h3>
One of a set of hybrid orbitals is produced when one s orbital and one p orbital is combined mathematically to form two new equivalent, perpendicular orbitals.
A linear molecule is one in which the atoms are arranged in a straight line (less than a 180° angle). The sp hybridization occurs at the central atom of molecules with linear electron-pair geometries.
Carbon dioxide (O=C=O) and beryllium hydride are examples of linear electron pairs and molecular geometry.
Hence, option A is correct.
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Answer:
14.544 g of oxygen is needed to produce 120 grams of carbon dioxide.
Explanation:
Animals take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide during cellular respiration. The reaction for the metabolism of the food in the animal body is:
As can be seen from the reaction stoichiometry that:
<u>6 moles of carbon dioxide gas can be produced from 1 mole of oxygen gas in the process of metabolism of glucose.</u>
Also,
Given :
Mass of carbon dioxide gas = 120 g
Molar mass of carbon dioxide gas = 44 g/mol
The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:
Thus, moles of carbon dioxide are:
As mentioned:
<u>6 moles of carbon dioxide</u> gas can be produced from <u>1 mole of oxygen gas</u> in the process of metabolism of glucose.
<u>1 mole of carbon dioxide</u> gas can be produced from <u>1/6 mole of oxygen gas</u> in the process of metabolism of glucose.
<u>2.7273 mole of carbon dioxide</u> gas can be produced from <u> moles of oxygen gas</u> in the process of metabolism of glucose.
Thus, moles of oxygen gas needed = 0.4545 moles
Molar mass of oxygen gas = 32 g/mol
The mass of oxygen gas can be find out by using mole formula as:
Thus,
<u>14.544 g of oxygen is needed to produce 120 grams of carbon dioxide.</u>
The general electronic configuration of transition element is (n−1)d1−10ns1−2.
<h3>What are the transition element in period 6?</h3>
The period 6 transition metals are;
Lanthanum (La), Hafnium (Hf), Tantalum (Ta), Tungsten (W),
Rhenium (Re), Osmium (Os), Iridium (Ir), pPatinum (Pt),
Gold (Au), and Mercury (Hg).
As a rule, period 6 elements fill their 6s shells first, then their 4f, 5d, and 6p shells, in that order.
However, there are exceptions, such as gold.
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Radiant energy is converted to electrical energy, when a solar panel uses sunlight to provide power to a house.
<h3>
What is electrical energy?</h3>
- Electrical energy is produced when electrically charged particles move, producing energy.
- Electrical energy is a general term that describes energy that has been transformed from electric potential energy.
- Electric current and electric potential given by an electrical circuit serve as the source of this energy (e.g., provided by an electric power utility).
- This electric potential energy stops being electric potential energy after it has been changed into another form of energy.
- Because of this, all electrical energy is potential energy before it is used.
- Electrical energy can always be referred to as another type of energy once it has been transformed from potential energy (heat, light, motion, etc.).
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Oxygen<span> is the third most abundant element in the universe after </span>hydrogen<span> and </span>helium<span> and the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Diatomic oxygen gas constitutes 20. 9% of the volume of air. All major classes of structural molecules in living organisms, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, contain </span>oxygen<span>, as do the major inorganic compounds that comprise animal shells, teeth, and bone. </span>Oxygen<span> in the form of O2 is produced from </span>water<span> by cyanobacteria, algae and plants during photosynthesis and is used in cellular respiration for all living organisms. Green algae and cyanobacteria in marine environments provide about 70% of the free </span>oxygen<span> produced on earth and the rest is produced by terrestrial plants. </span>Oxygen<span> is used in mitochondria to help generate </span>adenosine triphosphate<span> (</span>ATP<span>) during oxidative phosphorylation. For animals, a constant supply of </span>oxygen<span> is indispensable for cardiac viability and function. To meet this demand, an adult human, at rest, inhales 1. 8 to 2. 4 grams of </span>oxygen<span> per minute. This amounts to more than 6 billion tonnes of </span>oxygen<span> inhaled by humanity per year. At a resting pulse rate, the heart consumes approximately 8-15 ml O2/min/100 g tissue. This is significantly more than that consumed by the brain (approximately 3 ml O2/min/100 g tissue) and can increase to more than 70 ml O2/min/100 g myocardial tissue during vigorous exercise. As a general rule, mammalian heart muscle cannot produce enough energy under anaerobic conditions to maintain essential cellular processes; thus, a constant supply of </span>oxygen<span> is indispensable to sustain cardiac function and viability. However, the role of </span>oxygen<span> and </span>oxygen<span>-associated processes in living systems is complex, and they and can be either beneficial or contribute to cardiac dysfunction and death (through reactive </span>oxygen<span> species). Reactive </span>oxygen<span> species (ROS) are a family of </span>oxygen<span>-derived free radicals that are produced in mammalian cells under normal and pathologic conditions. Many ROS, such as the </span>superoxide<span> anion (O2-)and </span>hydrogen peroxide<span> (H2O2), act within blood vessels, altering mechanisms mediating mechanical signal transduction and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Reactive </span>oxygen<span> species are believed to be involved in cellular signaling in blood vessels in both normal and pathologic states. The major pathway for the production of ROS is by way of the one-electron reduction of </span>molecular oxygen<span> to form an </span>oxygen<span> radical, the </span>superoxide<span> anion (O2-). Within the vasculature there are several enzymatic sources of O2-, including </span>xanthine<span> oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and </span>nitric oxide<span> (NO) synthases. Studies in recent years, however, suggest that the major contributor to O2- levels in vascular cells is the membrane-bound enzyme </span>NADPH<span>-oxidase. Produced O2- can react with other radicals, such as NO, or spontaneously dismutate to produce </span>hydrogen peroxide<span> (H2O2). In cells, the latter reaction is an important pathway for normal O2- breakdown and is usually catalyzed by the enzyme </span>superoxide<span> dismutase (SOD). Once formed, H2O2 can undergo various reactions, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. The antioxidant enzymes catalase and </span>glutathione<span> peroxidase act to limit ROS accumulation within cells by breaking down H2O2 to H2O. Metabolism of H2O2 can also produce other, more damaging ROS. For example, the endogenous enzyme myeloperoxidase uses H2O2 as a substrate to form the highly reactive compound </span>hypochlorous acid<span>. Alternatively, H2O2 can undergo Fenton or Haber-Weiss chemistry, reacting with Fe2+/Fe3+ ions to form toxic </span>hydroxyl<span> radicals (-. OH). </span>