When it comes to optics, Snell's law is the basic formula to be used. If you notice, when light hits the water, the light does not travel in the same direction. After, it hits the water, it changes in angle. Light becomes refracted. This is observed when your hands tend to become bigger if you place it underwater. The formula for Snell's Law is
n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂sin θ₂, where n is the index of refraction. This depends on the type of medium. For example, for air, n=1. The parameters θ₁ is the angle of incidence, and θ₂ is the angle of refraction. Critical angle is the incident angle needed so that the refract angle is 90°. So, modifying the equation:
n₁ sin θcrit = n₂sin 90°, since sin 90°=1,
sin θcrit = n₂/n₁
θcrit = sin ⁻¹ (n₂/n₁)
Since liquid comes first before glass, n₁=1.75 and n₂=1.52. Substituting,
θcrit = sin ⁻¹ (1.52/1.75)
θcrit = 60.29°
Yes, an increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in pressure. Temperature is the measurement of heat present and more heat means more energy. Molecules in hotter temperatures move faster and more often, eventually moving into the gaseous phase. The molecules would fill the container, and the hotter it got the more they would bounce off the walls, pushing outward, increasing the pressure.
I suppose you could measure this with some kind of loosely inflated balloon and subject it to different temperatures and then somehow measure the size/pressure of it.
Answer:
Explanation:
We can solve this problem by using Newton's second law of motion, which states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the product between its mass and its acceleration:
where
F is the net force on the object
m is its mass
a is its acceleration
In this problem:
F = 40 N is the force on the object
m = 2 kg is its mass
Therefore, the acceleration of the object is
Gauss law states that the electric flux through any closed
surface is proportional to the net electric charge inside the surface. This is
expressed mathematically in the form of:
Φ = Q / εo
Where,
Φ = the electric flux = unknown (which we have to find for)
Q = the net electric charge = 5.0 µC = 5 E-6 C
εo = the permittivity of free space = a constant value =
8.85 E-12 C^2 / N m^2
Plugging in the values
into the equation will result in:
Φ = 5 E-6
C / (8.85 E-12 C^2 / N m^2)
Φ = 564,971.75 Wb = <span>5.6 x
10^5 Wb </span>
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune collectively make up the group known as the jovian planets. The general structures of the jovian planets are opposite those of the terrestrial planets. Rather than having thin atmospheres around relatively large rocky bodies, the jovian planets have relatively small, dense cores surrounded by massive layers of gas. Made almost entirely of hydrogen and helium, these planets do not have solid surfaces.
