Answer:

Explanation:
From the given information, the LED is operating with a given wavelength of 850 nm or 0.85 μm.
Hence, the material dispersion is 
Now, using the pulse spread formula:


Thus, the pulse spreading as a result of material dispersion is:
"Electrostatic forces are attractive or repulsive forces between particles that are caused by their electric charges."
Answer:
Magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid near its centre is 1.293 x 10⁻³ T
Explanation:
Given;
number of turns of solenoid, N = 269 turn
length of the solenoid, L = 102 cm = 1.02 m
radius of the solenoid, r = 2.3 cm = 0.023 m
current in the solenoid, I = 3.9 A
Magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid near its centre is calculated as;

Where;
μ₀ is permeability of free space = 4π x 10⁻⁷ m/A

Therefore, magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid near its centre is 1.293 x 10⁻³ T