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2 years ago

According to valence bond theory, which orbitals overlap in the formation of the bond in hcl?

2 answers:

8 0

According to valence bond theory sigma bonds is formed when two orbitals approach and overlap over each other while pie bonds is formed when two orbitals overlap side by side. in formation of HCl 1s orbital of hydrogen overlap on 3p orbitals of chlorine

Juli2301 [7.4K]2 years ago

3 0

The overlap of s and p Z orbitals of H and Cl, respectively leads to the formation of the covalent bond in HCl.

Explanation

According to valence bond theory, the elements combine to form a compound by overlapping of orbitals with half filled electrons in it.

The valence bond theory is mostly suitable for compounds formed by covalent bonding as the valence bond theory assumes the overlapping or sharing of half filled electrons in the outermost shell.

In HCl, the electronic configuration of H is 1s1 while the electronic configuration of Cl is [Ne] 3s23p5.

So the outermost shell or the valence shell of the elements H and Cl contains 1 and 7 number of electrons.

So the 1 electron in the H will be shared with the 1 unpaired electron in the p orbital of the Cl element so that both H and Cl will be stabilized.

It is known that p orbital will orient in px,py and pz orbitals.

So the 5 electrons in the p orbital of Cl will be divided as 2 electrons in px sub-orbital, 2 electrons in py sub-orbital and remaining 1 unpaired electron will be occupied in pz sub-orbital.

The arrangement of electrons in the p subshell is done with respect to Pauli's exclusion principle and Aufbau principle.

Thus the unpaired electron of hydrogen when is in s shell will overlap with the unpaired electron in pz sub-orbital of chlorine to form HCl compound.

So the overlap of spz orbitals lead to formation of HCl compound.

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5 0

3 years ago

A dehydration reaction starting with 3.8 g cyclohexanol produces 2.6 g cyclohexene. Calculate the theoretical yield for this rea

diamong [38]

Answer:

Theoretical yield of C6H10 = 3.2 g.

Explanation:

Defining Theoretical yield as the quantity of product obtained from the complete conversion of the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction. It can be expressed as grams or moles.

Equation of the reaction

C6H11OH --> C6H10 + H2O

Moles of C6H11OH:

Molar mass of C6H110H = (12*6) + (1*12) + 16

= 100 g/mol

Mass of C6H10 = 3.8 g

number of moles = mass/molar mass

=3.8/100

= 0.038 mol.

Using stoichoimetry, 1 moles of C6H110H was dehydrated to form 1 mole of C6H10 and 1 mole of water.

Therefore, 0.038 moles of C6H10 was produced.

Mass of C6H10 = molar mass * number of moles

Molar mass of C6H10 = (12*6) + (1*10)

= 82 g/mol.

Mass = 82 * 0.038

= 3.116 g of C6H10.

Theoretical yield of C6H10 = 3.2 g

4 0

3 years ago

A plasma membrane and a cell wall _____.

klemol [59]

<h3>Answer;</h3>

D. Have different structures and different functions

A plasma membrane and a cell wall have different structures and different functions.

<h3>Explanation;</h3>

Plasma membrane is a structure that is found in both animal cell and plants cells. It is made up of a bi-layer consisting of lipid and proteins. Plasma membrane are semi-permeable which means the allow selective movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Cell wall, on the other hand is a structure that is found on plant cells and lacks in animal cell. It contains cellulose in its structure which enables it to be rigid and enhances it protect the cell from mechanical damage from harsh conditions such as pressure in the outside environment.

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

When calculating the equilibrium constant, aqueous solutes must be expressed in moles per liter (M), and gases must be expressed

alukav5142 [94]

Answer:

B. They are dimensionless ratios of the actual concentration or pressure divided by standard state concentration, which is 1 M for solutions and 1 bar for gases.

Explanation:

Activity of a substance is defined as the ratio of an effective concentration or an effective pressure to a standard state pressure or a standard state pressure. It is usually a unit less ratio.

Concentrations in an equilibrium constant are really dimensionless ratios of actual concentrations divided by standard state concentrations. Since standard states are 1 M for solutes, 1 bar for gases, and pure substances for solids and liquids, these are the units to be used.

Hence, activity is a fudge factor to ideal solutions that correct the true concentration. Activity of a gas and solute concentration is a ratio with no unit.

3 0

3 years ago

The rate law for the reaction

juin [17]

Explanation:

Since, the given reaction is as follows.

$2NO(g) + Cl_{2}(g) \rightarrow 2NOCl(g)$

Hence, rate law of the reaction is as follows.

R = $k[NO][Cl_{2}]$

As it is known that rate of a reaction depends on the initial concentration of products. So here, the rate of reaction will depend on the concentration of NO and $Cl_{2}$ . Since, power of the concentrations of each of these is equal to 1. Therefore, order of the reaction is equal to 1 + 1 = 2.

According to the rate law, reactants involved in the rate determining step are NO and $Cl_{2}$ . Hence, first step of the mechanism is the rate determining step.

Also, according to the rate of reaction doubling the concentration of NO will double the rate of reaction.

The number of reactants taking part in a single step of the reaction is known as molecularity of the reaction. Therefore, molecularity of the first step of the reaction is 2.

Both the given steps are not termolecular.

5 0

3 years ago