Answer:
a) The plasma membrane is called a selectively permeable membrane as it permits the movement of only certain molecules in and out of the cells. ... It allows hydrophobic molecules and small polar molecules diffuse through the lipid layer, but does not allow ions and large polar molecules cannot diffuse through the membrane
b) Plastids are present in the cells of plants. They are characterised by the presence of pigments. ... Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments responsible for capturing the light energy that is necessary for photosynthesis. The chloroplasts are therefore known as the kitchen of the cell.
c) Lysosomes are known as the suicidal bag of the cell because it is capable of destroying its own cell in which it is present. It contains many hydrolytic enzymes which are responsible for the destruction process. This happens when either the cell is aged or gets infected by foreign agents like any bacteria or virus.
d) Mitochondria are often called the “powerhouses” or “energy factories” of a cell because they are responsible for making adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's main energy-carrying molecule. ... In mitochondria, this process uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide as a waste product.
e) In Hydra, the cells are arranged in two germinal layers—outer ectoderm and inner endoderm. Between these two layers is a layer of undifferentiated cells called mesoglea. Such kind of pattern of embryonic layers is seen in diploblastic animals. Hence, Hydra is a diploblastic animal.
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