156. Atomic mass if the number of protons and neutrons within an atom.
<span>Answer: 100 ml
</span>
<span>Explanation:
1) Convert 1.38 g of Fe₂S₃ into number of moles, n
</span>i) Formula: n = mass in grass / molar mass
<span>
ii) molar mass of </span><span>Fe₂S₃ =2 x 55.8 g/mol + 3 x 32.1 g/mol = 207.9 g/mol
</span>
iii) n = 1.38 g / 207.9 g/mol = 0.00664 moles of <span>Fe₂S₃
</span>
<span>2) Use the percent yield to calculate the theoretical amount:
</span>
<span>65% = 0.65 = actual yield/ theoretical yield =>
</span>theoretical yield = actual yield / 0.65 = 0.00664 moles / 0.65 = 0.010 mol <span>Fe₂S₃</span><span>
3) Chemical equation:
</span>
<span> 3 Na₂S(aq) + 2 FeCl₃(aq) → Fe₂S₃(s) + 6 NaCl(aq)
4) Stoichiometrical mole ratios:
</span>
<span>3 mol Na₂S : 2 mol FeCl₃ : 1 mol Fe₂S₃ : 6 mol NaCl
5) Proportionality:
</span>2moles FeCl₃ / 1 mol Fe₂S₃ = x / 0.010 mol Fe₂S₃
<span>
=> x = 0.020 mol FeCl₃
6) convert 0.020 mol to volume
</span>
<span>i) Molarity formula: M = n / V
</span>
<span>ii) V = n / M = 0.020 mol / 0.2 M = 0.1 liter = 100 ml
</span>
The termination step of the free-radical chlorination of methane is the most stable one among all three steps.
The free-radical substitution reaction between chlorine and methane features three major steps:
Initiation, during which chlorine molecules undergo homolytic fission to produce chlorine free radicals. Ultraviolet radiations are typically applied to supply the energy required for breaking the chlorine-chlorine single bonds. The initiation step is thus <em>endothermic</em>.
Propagation, a process in which chlorine free radicals react with methane molecules and remove a hydrogen atom from the alkane to produce hydrogen chloride and an alkyl radical e.g.,
. The carbon-containing free radical would react with chlorine molecules to produce chloromethane and yet another chlorine free radical. This process can well repeat itself to chlorinate a significant number of methane molecules.
Termination. Free radicals combine to produce molecules. For example, two chlorine free radicals would combine to produce a chlorine molecule, whereas two alkyl free radicals would combine to produce an alkane with two-carbon atoms in its backbone.
Chemical processes that increase the stability of a substance reduces its chemical potential energy. Energy conserves, thus such processes would also release energy equal to the potential energy lost in quantity. Free radicals are unstable and- as seen in the propagation step- compete readily with neutral molecules for their electrons. The propagation step keeps the number of free radicals constant and is therefore more exothermic than the initiation step. The termination step reduces the number of free radicals, increase the stability of the system by the greatest extent, and is therefore the most exothermic step among the three.
A chemical change is a change that results in new chemicals (the reactants underwent a chemical change which resulted in new products).
an example of a chemical change is the burning of paper. An example of something that is not a chemical change is the melting of ice.
The answer is 4.3.... that acid rain can range from 3-4 on a pH scale